Melt Down

Question 1

Menace reflex

Answer 1

reflex blinking that occurs in response to the rapid approach of an object. Cortical damage, particularly cerebral lesions, can cause loss of menace reflex.

Question 2

What is normal dog temperature?

Answer 2

38-39

Question 3

What is a normal dog pulse rate?

Answer 3

80-110

Question 4

What is a normal respiratory rate/ minute?

Answer 4

20-30

Question 5

What are the four ways heat dissipates?

Answer 5

convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation

Question 6

Pyrogenic hyperthermia

Answer 6

Hyperthermia in response to noninfectious sytemic inflammation (e.g. pancreatitis, trauma, immune mediated disease) or infectious agents that produce pyrogens (e.g. interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, viruses, bacteria)

Question 7

Pyrogens

Answer 7

Interleukin-1, TNF, viruses, bacteria- act on the brain to raise the set-point to a higher temperature range, producing fever (rarely severe enough to put veterinary patients at risk)

Question 8

Non-pyrogenic hyperthermia

Answer 8

Hyperthermia occuring when heat dissipating mechanisms cannot compensate adequately for heat-producing mechanisms resulting in an increase in body temperature above the set-point and the potential for the development of heatstroke

Question 9

When your body responds by increasing catecholamine secretion, what is your body trying to do?

Answer 9

Increase body temperature

Question 10

When your body increases thyroid hormone production, what is your body trying to do?

Answer 10

Increase body temperature

Question 11

Where does most heat exchange take place when a dog pants?

Answer 11

Nasal turbinates

Question 12

At environmental temperatures above 32C, the primary mechanism of heat loss in dogs is:

Answer 12

Evaporation

Question 13

What is the cardiovascular response to hyperthermia?

Answer 13

Cutaneous vasodilation and increase in cardiac output

Question 14

The acid-base status in heatstroke is usually characterized as

Answer 14

Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

Question 15

What mechanisms cause generalized cellular necrosis in cases of thermal injury?

Answer 15

Denaturation of proteins, inactivation of enzyme systems, destruction of cell membranes lipids, alteration of mitrochondrial function

Question 16

Why is it not recommended to immerse a dog in ice water if they are hyperthermic?

Answer 16

It would cause peripheral vasoconstriction and reduce heat loss from the body core

Question 17

What is a way in the hospital that you might cool the patient?

Answer 17

COLD IV fluids

Question 18

What is ranitidine?

Answer 18

A H2 blocker

Question 19

What is maropitant?

Answer 19

Anti-emetic

Question 20

What is pantoprazole?

Answer 20

A proton pump inhibitor

Question 21

What is a petechial haemorrhage?

Answer 21

Capillary bleed

Question 22

Ecchymosis

Answer 22

Subcutaneous extravasation of blood larger than 1 cm

Question 23

Low urine specific gravity

Answer 23

Renal failure and administration of intravenous fluids

Question 24

What could give a positive dipstick reading for the presence of haem molecule?

Answer 24

Haematuria, haemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria

Question 25

Isotonic, crystaloid fluids example

Answer 25

0.9% Sodium chloride- will not cause dangerous fluid shift. Isotonic to blood plasma.

Question 26

Why do you give plasma?

Answer 26

Try and replace clotting factors

Question 27

If you are giving fluids and patient is not producing urine, what does this mean (eventually)? How can you tell?

Answer 27

Acute renal failure. Ultrasound.

Question 28

What system in dogs is unlikely to hold up first?

Answer 28

GI system i.e. haemorrhagic diarrhoea (whereas a cat will present with lung problems)

Question 29

What does the petechiae tell us about the patient?

Answer 29

DIC

Question 30

What happens to the brain with a systolic BP less than 60?

Answer 30

BBB breaks down. Restore BP with fluids.