Mem and Lan (3)

Question 1

What are the components of Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) Working Memory Model?

Answer 1

Central executive
Phonological Loop
Visuo-Spatial Sketch Pad
Episodic buffer

Question 2

According to the WMM, what happens in task that uses 2 of the same component?

Answer 2

poor performance, takes up too much resources

Question 3

According to the WMM, what happens in a task that uses 2 different components?

Answer 3

Good performance, as resources are spread

Question 4

What is the main function of the central executive?

Answer 4

control & decision processes

Question 5

What are the processes in the central executive?

Answer 5

Updating function
Shifting function
Inhibition function

Question 6

What is the updating function in the Central executive?

Answer 6

updating of task at hand

Question 7

What is the shifting function in the Central executive?

Answer 7

shifting between strategies

Question 8

What is the inhibition function in the Central executive?

Answer 8

Selective attention

Question 9

What is the main function in the phonological loop?

Answer 9

inner ear & voice, verbal rehearsal

Question 10

What are the 2 parts of the phonological loop?

Answer 10

phonological store

articulatory loop

Question 11

What is the purpose of the phonological store?

Answer 11

Passive storehouse

Question 12

What is the capacity of the phonological store?

Answer 12

± 2 sec of speech

Question 13

What is the purpose of the articulatory loop?

Answer 13

active rehearsal component

Question 14

What is the phonological similarity effect?

Answer 14

Errors more likely to occur if items sound the same

Question 15

What is the word length effect?

Answer 15

memory span for short words is greater than for long words

Question 16

Why does the word length effect occur?

Answer 16

If articulation duration of a word is longer than 2 secs, it is less likely to be remembered.

Question 17

What is the unattended speech effect?

Answer 17

Performance impaired if other verbal material needs to be ignored.

Question 18

Why does the unattended speech effect occur?

Answer 18

Irrelevant spoken material can gain access to phonological store, harder to perform

Question 19

What is an articulatory suppression task?

Answer 19

preventing rehearsal by overt or covert articulation

Question 20

Why does articulatory suppression occur?

Answer 20

Taxes either the phonological store (auditory presented)

or the articulatory loop (visually presented)

Question 21

What is the main purpose of the visuo spatial sketch pad?

Answer 21

inner eye, processing spatial, visual, and kinesthetic information

Question 22

What are the 2 components of the Visuo-spatial sketch pad?

Answer 22

visual cache

inner scribe

Question 23

What is the purpose of the visual cache?

Answer 23

process shape & colour

Question 24

What is the purpose of the inner scribe?

Answer 24

process spatial & movement

Question 25

Kosslyn (1978) conducted a mental scanning study and found?

Answer 25

different brain areas active during visual (occipital) and spatial (parietal) tasks

Question 26

What is dysexecutive syndrome?

Answer 26

Disruption of CE due to frontal lobe damage

Question 27

What impairments occur due to dysexecutive syndrome?

Answer 27

Unable to focus attention, initiate schema and interrupt ongoing schema

Question 28

What is the main function of the episodic buffer?

Answer 28

holds and integrates diverse information

Question 29

What other systems does the episodic buffer interact with?

Answer 29

Interacts with both perception and LTM

Question 30

What does synaesthesia refer to?

Answer 30

tendency for one sense of modality to evoke another.

Question 31

What does a high capacity of working memory indicate?

Answer 31

good at maintaining task goals and resolving conflict