Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Elements of Medicine > Membrane Structure/Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Structure/Transport Flashcards

1
Q

A sphere vesicle with at least one lipid bilayer is called…

A

liposome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are glycerophospholipids named according to?

A

The alcohol group attached to the phosphate in the polar head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four components glycerol phosopholipid?

A

Fatty acid chains (2), glycerol, phosphate and amino alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between sphingosine and ceramide?

A

Fatty acid chain bound to the amine group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What amino alcohol group does sphingomyelin have?

A

Choline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is sphingomyelin derived from?

A

Ceramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does ceramide become sphingomyelin?

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which leaflet is phosphatidylethanolamine mostly found?

A

Inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which leaflet is phosphotidylserine mostly found?

A

Inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which leaflet is phosphatidylinositol mostly found?

A

Inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which leaflet is phosphatidylcholine mostly found?

A

Outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which leaflet is spingomyelin mostly found?

A

Outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which leaflet are glycolipids mostly found?

A

Outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which membrane contains a high occurrence of cardiolipin?

A

Mitochondrial (inner) membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Factors affecting membrane fluidity (4)

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Cholesterol level
  3. Saturation of fatty acyl chains
  4. fatty acyl chain length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does high temperatures affect membrane fluidity?

A

As temperature increases, the membrane becomes more fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Effect of cholesterol on membrane fluidity?

A

When temperature is low, it keeps it fluid. At high temperatures, it keeps it from becoming too fluid. Really dope yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does fatty acyl chain saturation make the membrane more or less fluid?

A

Less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or false: longer fatty acyl chains make the membrane more fluid?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a lipid raft?

A

Area of densely packed lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Protein mobility on a lipid raft?

A

Decreased.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do flippases and floppases require to work?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True of false: scramblase requires energy?

A

False.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Does flippase move proteins from in to out or out to in?

A

Out to in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does floppase move proteins from in to out or out to in?

A

In to out.

26
Q

What increases the activity of scramblases?

A

Ca2+

27
Q

Where does phospholipid synthesis occur?

A

Cytosolic surface of the ER

28
Q

Where do glycolipids get their precursors?

A

Golgi apparatus

29
Q

Which phospholipid acts as a signal for apoptosis and cell senescence on the extracellular leaflet?

A

Phosphatidylserine

30
Q

What is a common extracellular protein anchor?

A

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

31
Q

Acyl anchors are used for…

A

cytoplasmic face peripheral protein anchoring

32
Q

Thioester bonds are used on which leaflet

A

cytosolic

33
Q

GPI-anchored proteins are involved with signal transduction in what membrane structure?

A

Lipid rafts

34
Q

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

A

(surface area) (concentration gradient) (membrane permeability) / membrane thickness

35
Q

What group lines the selectivity filter of a K+ channel?

A

C=0 (carbonyl)

36
Q

What is a less selective ion channel called which allows both Sodium and Potassium to pass?

A

monovalent cation channel

37
Q

What is a competitive inhibitor of glucose channels?

A

Galactose

38
Q

Location of GLUT1 transporter?

A

Most cells; RBCs; endothelial cells esp in BBB. (Km 1-2 mM)

39
Q

Location of GLUT2 transporter?

A

Pancreatic beta cells; liver. REVERSIBLE

Km = 15-20 mM

40
Q

Location of GLUT3 transporter?

A

Neurons (Km = 1mM)

41
Q

Location of GLUT4 transporter?

A

Skeletal muscles and fat cells. Insulin sensitive. (Km=5 mM)

42
Q

What is the kinetic effect of insulin on GLUT4?

A

It increases Vmax (by way of exocytosing more receptors)

43
Q

What is SGLT1?

A

Na+/glucose contransporter (symporter) found in the small intestine and kidneys

44
Q

How many sodium ions are cotransported with glucose in SGLT1?

A

2

45
Q

Where is the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger?

A

Erythrocytes

46
Q

What type of transporter is the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger? Symporter or antiporter?

A

Antiporter

47
Q

What is significant about the Cl/HCO3 exchange?

A

electrochemically neutral

48
Q

What are the four classes of ATP-powered pumps?

A

P-Class, V-Class, F-Class, ABC

49
Q

Which type of ATP-Powered pump is reversibly phosphorylated?

A

P-Class

50
Q

Structure of P-Class pumps?

A

two alpha subunits

51
Q

What type of pump is Na/K ATPase?

A

P-class

52
Q

Is the E1 conformation of Na/K ATPase facing the cytosol or extracellular space?

A

Cytosol

53
Q

Is the E2 conformation of Na/K ATPase facing the cytosol or extracellular space?

A

Extracellular

54
Q

What are the two Na/K ATPase inhibitors we learned?

A

Digoxin and Oubain

55
Q

What is digoxin used to treat, besides its inhibitor function?

A

Heart failure

56
Q

The V-class proton pumps work in which direction?

A

Cytosol to intracellular organelles

57
Q

How do V-class proton pumps work?

A

Use ATP hydrolysis to pump H+ against its electrochemical gradient

58
Q

How do F-class proton pumps work?

A

Pump H+ along its electrochemical gradient to form ATP from ADP + Pi

59
Q

What organelles are V-class pumps important for?

A

Lysosomes and endosomes (keeping the pH low)

60
Q

Structure of ABC transporters

A

Two transmembrane domains. Two nucleotide binding domains

61
Q

Are most ABC transporters exporters or importers in eukaryotes?

A

Exporters

62
Q

Multidrug resistant transporters are what type of transporter?

A

ABC transporter

Elements of Medicine (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions