membrane transport

Question 1

the body is in a state of chemical

Answer 1

disequilibrium

Question 2

phagocytosis only occurs in

Answer 2

certain white blood cells

Question 3

type of passive transport

Answer 3

all diffusions and osmosis

Question 4

the main routes for water movement into and out of the cell

Answer 4

water channels/aquaphors

Question 5

ion channels when open allow ions to pass between ____ and ____

Answer 5

ECF and ICF

Question 6

the body is always in osmotic equilibrium T/F

Answer 6

true

Question 7

diffusion is more complicated in an open system compared to a cell membrane T/F

Answer 7

False

Question 8

ECF contains

Answer 8

interstial fluid and blood plasma

Question 9

how does secondary active transport work

Answer 9

uses energy in the concentration gradient of one molecule to push molecules against their concentration gradient

Question 10

glucose transport into various types of cells can be accomplished via ___ or ____

Answer 10

Facilitated diffusion (glut) or secondary active transport (glucose form intestinal or kidney lumen)

Question 11

diffusion directly across the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane is

Answer 11

simple diffusion

Question 12

movement of the cytoskeleton and intracellular transport of the vesicles require

Answer 12

energy

Question 13

ficks law says that diffusion rate ___ with an ____ in a surface are, concentration gradient, or membrane permeability

Answer 13

increases, increase

Question 14

what happens when you have an area of high concentration or solid solute into a body of water and the molecules are allowed to naturally diffuse

Answer 14

equilibrium

Question 15

to import large molecules cells use

Answer 15

phagocytosis and endocytosis

Question 16

diffusion rate per surface area of the membrane is called

Answer 16

flux

Question 17

total volume of water in the human body is ____ of body weight

Answer 17

60%

Question 18

net movement of molecules occurs until concentration is

Answer 18

equal

Question 19

how do large solutes like monosaccharides get across the membrane

Answer 19

by carriers

Question 20

molecules still at equilibrium by one molecules exits and one enters is called

Answer 20

dynamic equilibrium

Question 21

difference between carriers and channels

Answer 21

channels are open on one side and channels are continuous

Question 22

what do swing gates determine

Answer 22

if the channel is open or closed

Question 23

movement of substances across membranes can be classified by the ___ or by the ____ through a membrane protein

Answer 23

energy requirements and physical pathways

Question 24

a carrier that moves more than one kind of molecules at one time

Answer 24

cotransporter

Question 25

pressure that must be applied to oppose osmosis

Answer 25

osmotic pressure

Question 26

most cells produce cell-surface receptors that specifically bind and internalize LDL by

Answer 26

receptor- mediated endocyotosis

Question 27

materials leave the cell by

Answer 27

exocytosis

Question 28

because water can move freely across cells and ECF, the ECF and ICF are in a state of

Answer 28

osmotic equilibrium

Question 29

transmembrane proteins enclosing a hydrophilic pore

Answer 29

ion channels

Question 30

diffusion concentration is

Answer 30

high to low concentration

Question 31

how does primary active transport work

Answer 31

energy to push molecules against their gradient comes from ATP

Question 32

active transport id divided into 2 types:

Answer 32

primary and secondary

Question 33

active transport creates a state of

Answer 33

disequilibrium

Question 34

glucose enters most of the cells via ____ with the help of various _____

Answer 34

facilitated diffusion, GLUT transporters

Question 35

passive, transports down gradient, can occur through channels or carrier proteins

Answer 35

facilitated diffusion

Question 36

how is cholesterol transported

Answer 36

water soluble carrier

Question 37

cell uses energy

Answer 37

active transport

Question 38

spend most of their time in a closed state

Answer 38

gated channels

Question 39

ICF is ___ of total body water volume

Answer 39

2/3

Question 40

vesicles are formed spontaneously allowing the cell to take on fluid "drinking"

Answer 40

nonselective

Question 41

what do mechanically gated channels respond to

Answer 41

physical force like temp or pressure

Question 42

solution is isotonic then the cell

Answer 42

does not change

Question 43

cell doesn't use energy

Answer 43

passive transport

Question 44

types of active transport

Answer 44

protein pumps and vesicular transport (exo and endo)

Question 45

ECF is ____ of total body water volume

Answer 45

1/3

Question 46

highly specific process that occurs in response to certain plasma membrane receptors activation

Answer 46

receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 47

the solution is hypertonic then the cell

Answer 47

shrinks

Question 48

flux depends on

Answer 48

concentration gradient and membrane permeability

Question 49

majority of biological molecules are not lipophilic T/F

Answer 49

true

Question 50

2 forms of carrier mediated transport

Answer 50

facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 51

passive permeability of the membrane is determined by

Answer 51

structure of phospholipid bilayer

Question 52

spends most of their time with their gate open

Answer 52

open channels

Question 53

solution is hypotonic then the cell

Answer 53

swells

Question 54

most common secondary active transport system are driven by

Answer 54

Na+

Question 55

can use simple diffusion is called

Answer 55

lipophilic

Question 56

energy from active transport comes from

Answer 56

ATP

Question 57

H2O moves by osmosis in response to

Answer 57

total concentration of particles in the solution

Question 58

water can cross all cell membranes with few exceptions T/F

Answer 58

True

Question 59

osmolarity

Answer 59

a colligative property of solutions and depends only on the number of particles per liter of solution

Question 60

tonicity is considered to be a ____ term

Answer 60

comparative

Question 61

difference between tonicity and osmolarity

Answer 61

tonicity has no units, is only a comparative term, describes only the solution, and tells you what happened to cell volume at equilibrium. Osmalrity alone does not tell you what happened to the cell

Question 62

protein-mediated transport can be either

Answer 62

passive or active

Question 63

types of passive protein mediated transport

Answer 63

facilitated diffusion, aquaporins, and ion channels

Question 64

types of active protein mediated transport

Answer 64

primary or secondary

Question 65

Conversion of imported glucose into glucose 6-phosphate keeps intracellular glucose concentrations low so that

Answer 65

diffusion will never reach equilibrium

Question 66

Example of a secondary active transporter

Answer 66

SGLT

Question 67

Example of primary active transporter

Answer 67

Na-K-ATPase

Question 68

Na-K-ATPase

Answer 68

permits electrical signaling in neurons and muscles cells, as well as drive passage of other solutes by secondary active transport

Question 69

Cholesterol must be carried by an LDL- bind and internalize it through

Answer 69

receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 70

Molarity=

Answer 70

moles of solute/ liters of solution

Question 71

osmolarity is temperature

Answer 71

dependent ( high temp=high volume)