Membranes

Question 1

Name the 3 types of lipids

Answer 1

Glycerophospholipids
Sphingolipids
Sterols

Question 2

Example of Glycerophospholipid

Answer 2

PIP

Question 3

Example of Sphinglipids

Answer 3

Sphingomyelin SM

Question 4

Example of + ve conical lipids

Answer 4

Phosphatidic acid

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Question 5

Expample of -ve conical lipid

Answer 5

Lyso- GPLS

Phosphoinsitides

Question 6

which way does P type flippase flip?

Answer 6

Inwards

Question 7

Which way does ABC flip?

Answer 7

Outwards

Question 8

List the 3 lipid states

Answer 8

Llamellar liquid crystaline
Liquid Order
Solid gel

Question 9

Example of 2 integral proteins

Answer 9

Glycophorin A

Bactidopsin

Question 10

What do peripheral Proteins do?

Answer 10

> Restrict lateral movement

>Maintain shape

Question 11

Example of peripheral protein

Answer 11

> Spectrin actin

Question 12

What build up to form plaques in alzheimers

Answer 12

> Amyloid B peptide

Question 13

What proteins transport cholesterol and ar ehigh in AD patients>

Answer 13

> Apolipoproteins

Question 14

Example of carrier Ionophore

Answer 14

> Valinomycin

Question 15

Example of channel Ionophore

Answer 15

> Gramicidin A K+/Na+

Question 16

What are ion channels important for?

Answer 16

> Osmotic gradient
Nerve impulses
Signal transducion

Question 17

Structure of Aquaporins

Answer 17

> 6 transmembrans alpha helicies
4 pores
tetramer

Question 18

Structure of GLUT 1

Answer 18

> 6 transmembrane alpha helicies

>central pore

Question 19

What are the characteristic of ion driven transport

Answer 19

> Down conc grad

> Coupled >Na+/H+ down conc grad

Question 20

Example of ligand gated ion channel

Answer 20

Nictotinic acetlycholrine receptor

Question 21

Example of G protein

Answer 21

Renin angiotensin

Question 22

What does Nictotinic acetlychlorine do?

Answer 22

> transport of Na+/ K+ out of cell

>inc. K+/ Na+ permeability

Question 23

Where does rennin cleave angiotensinogen?

Answer 23

Blood

Question 24

Where does ACE cleave angiotensis

Answer 24

Lungs & Kidney

Question 25

Where is aldosterone produced?

Answer 25

Adrenal gland

Question 26

What do Kinases indirectly do?

Answer 26

Regulate transription

Question 27

Explain hoe nuclear hormone receptor is monomeric

Answer 27

Separate area for DNA and ligand binding

Question 28

Types of neurotransmitters

Answer 28

``` >Acetylcholine ACh >Monoamines >Amino Acids >Peptides >Lipids ```

Question 29

``` What does each stand for? TCA SSRIs SNRIs MAOIs ```

Answer 29

>Tricyclic Antidepressant >Selective serotonin reuptake >Serotonin/ noradrenaline reuptake >Mononamine Oxidase inhibitors

Question 30

Which drugs prevent re-uptake

Answer 30

TCA SSRIs SNRIs

Question 31

Which drug prevents break downs

Answer 31

MAOIs

Question 32

Which drugs interfere with -ve feedback?

Answer 32

Miscellaneous atypical antidepressants

Question 33

Where are receptors for hydrophilic receptors found?

Answer 33

Extracellular

Question 34

Where are receptors for lipid based hormones found?

Answer 34

Intracellular

Question 35

What is CO in small quantities used for?

Answer 35

Endogenous signalling

Question 36

Where can amplification occur?

Answer 36

KInases G proteins 2nd messengers

Question 37

What does Gq stimulate?

Answer 37

Phospholipase C

Question 38

What 2nd messengers does Gq inc?

Answer 38

DAG | IP3

Question 39

What do Gs and Gi have an affect on

Answer 39

Adenylate Cyclase

Question 40

What breaks down cAMP?

Answer 40

Phosphodiesterases

Question 41

Net effects of inc cAMP

Answer 41

>Histamine >Insulin >Inflamation

Question 42

`How is cAMP formed

Answer 42

>ATP >Adenylate cyclase> removes 2 P >Replace with PPI >3' and 5' C

Question 43

How is cGMP formed?

Answer 43

>GTP >Guanylate cyclase> removes 2P >Replace with PPI >3'and 5' C

Question 44

What kinases Phosphorylate Ser/ Thr? | What G protein activates them

Answer 44

PKA, PKC, PKG | Gs, Gi, Gq

Question 45

What kinases activate Tryosine

Answer 45

Receptors> TK> Insulin | Non receptors> Scr

Question 46

What kinases are dual specific

Answer 46

MAP kinase kinases MKKs

Question 47

What breaks down tryglycerides?

Answer 47

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 48

What is the inhibitor of Apo B 100?

Answer 48

PCSK9

Question 49

What is the PCSK9 inhibitor used instead of?

Answer 49

Statins

Question 50

What do we need cholesterol for?

Answer 50

Bile acid Steroids Cell mem Fats an soluble lipids