Memorize Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
stright chain alkane general formula
A
C n H 2n+2
2
Q
C = 1
A
meth -
3
Q
c = 2
A
eth -
4
Q
c = 3
A
prop-
5
Q
c = 4
A
but -
6
Q
c = 5
A
pent -
7
Q
c= 6
A
hex -
8
Q
c = 7
A
hept -
9
Q
c = 8
A
oct -
10
Q
c = 9
A
non -
11
Q
c = 10
A
dec-
12
Q
how to name alkanes
A
alpha order and by lowest sibstutent number
13
Q
propyl
A
end connection
14
Q
isoporpyl
A
middle connecton
15
Q
butyl
A
end connection
16
Q
s-butyl
A
second c at end
17
Q
t -butyl
A
c in the middle
18
Q
isobutyl
A
c at end when ch3 is present
19
Q
cycloaklane or cyclic alkane general formula
A
C n H 2n
20
Q
methane vesper shaper
A
tetrahedral
21
Q
ethane vesper shaper
A
tetrahedral
22
Q
angle between straight chain alkane carbon atoms and shape or chain
A
109.5 and zigzag
23
Q
sigma
A
single covalent bonds found in alkane molecules
24
Q
why is a hydrocarbon non-polar?
A
H and C have similar electronegativties and the even arrangement of H in alkane melcules
25
Main force in alkane molecules
Van der waals forces which is weak and thus low melting/boiling
26
fractional distillation
temp of fuel ++ means lower chain vaporize first which are than collected and the processes continues ending with similar chain lengths and boiling points togeetehr
27
polarity of alkyl halides
more polar since the halogen attracts e- and thus creates a polar molecule which increases intermolecular strength of forces and thus higher boiling and melting
28
reaction conditions of alkanes
high temp and pressure
29
type?
| C2H6 + 02 --\
oxidization
| CO2 + H2O + heat
30
type ?
| CH4 + Cl2 + energy ----\
substitution (halogenation)
| CH3CL + HCl
31
type?
| CH3Cl + H2O --\
substitution between halogenoalkanes and hydroxide ions (alchool creation)
CH3OH + HCL
32
3 types of benzene recations
halogenation, nitration and alklation
33
nitration
benzene + HNO3 = benzene, NO2 + H20
34
Alcohol general formula
R-OH where r can be alkyl or aryl
35
alcohol properties
(l) at room temp, h-bonding with other alcohols and water, polar and higher boiling points than parents, good solvents since they can dissolve polar and non-polar compounds
36
alcohol gf
R - OH where r is aryl or alkyl
37
benzene ol
phenol
38
polyalcohols?
more than one r group
39
solublity
simple alcohols = shorter chains - more soluble as size ++ = solublity down
40
Alcohol reactions
hydration with sulfuric acid, combustion, dehydration which sulfuric acid makes a alkene and water
41
Ethers properties
bent, polar (dipole dipole due to C -0), o is bonded to two c groups in a chain, building point = less than alcholds but more than alkanes of similar size, no h bonds, good solvents since can dissolve both and low reactivity
42
ethers gf
r - OH -R
43
etehr reaction
alcohol + aclohol = ether + water
44
thols
an organic compound which contains a sulfhyrl group, strong odour, add odour to natural gas
