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1
Q

Object location: beyond the center of curvature (2F)

A

Characteristic: Real, reduced, located between 2F and F

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2
Q

Object Location: At the center of the curvature

A

Real, inverted, same size, located at 2F

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3
Q

Object Location: Between center of curvature and focal point

A

Real, inverted, enlarged, located beyond 2F

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4
Q

Object Location: At the focal point (F)

A

No image is formed

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5
Q

Object location: In front of the focal point

A

upright, virtual, enlarged, located somewhere behind the mirror

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6
Q

Plane mirrors

A

ALWAYS upright and virtual

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7
Q

Converging/Convex Mirror Do > F

A

Do: +
Di: + (Real
F: +
M: - (inverted)

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8
Q

Converging/Convex Mirror Do < F

A

Do: +
Di: - (Virtual)
F: +
M: + (upright)

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9
Q

Diverging lens/ Concave Mirror

A

ALWAYS
Do: +
Di: - (virtual)
F: -
M: + (upright)

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10
Q

n1 < n2 (lower index of refraction to higher)

A

light will travel faster and bend away from normal
** theta 1 > theta 2**

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11
Q

Increasing wavelength

A

Gamma Rays < X rays < UV < Visible Light <` Infrared < Radio waves

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12
Q

Approximate Shift for R2CH2

A

1.25

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13
Q

Approximate Shift for Ar-H

A

6.0 - 8.5

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14
Q

Approximate Shift for AROH

A

4.0 - 12

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15
Q

Approximate Shift for COOH

A

10.5 - 12.0

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16
Q

Approximate Shift for NH2

A

1.0 - 5.0

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17
Q

Stretch for alcohol

A

3100 - 3500; broad peak

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18
Q

Stretch for Amine

A

3100 - 3500; sharp peak

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19
Q

Stretch for Aromatic

A

2900 - 3100 and 1475- 1625

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20
Q

Stretch for Carbonyl

A

1760 - 1665

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21
Q

Priority (Most to least)

A

Carboxylic Acid
Ester
Acid Halide
Amide
Nitrile
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohol
Amine
Alkene
Alkyne
Alkyl, halogen, alkoxy, nitro

Carboxylic Acid derivatives
Ketones and Aldehydes
Alcoholes and amines
double bonds
triple bonds
substituents names by prefixes rather than suffixes

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22
Q

mol –> L

A

1 mole = 22.4 L

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23
Q

1 m –> cm

A

100 cm = 1 m

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24
Q

ft –> in

A

1 ft = 12 inch

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25
yd --> ft
1 yard = 3 feet
26
g --> mg
1 gram = 1000 mg
27
kg --> g
1 kg = 1000 g
28
km --> m
1 km = 1000 m
29
Q > K
shift left
30
IP > Ksp
precipitate is formed
31
Increaser pressure =
favor side with fewer moles
32
Increase reactant concentration
shift to products
33
increase temperature of endothermic reaction
shift to products
34
adding a catalyst
no change in equilibrium position
35
Glycolysis location and products
Location: cytoplasm Products: pyruvate, ATP, NADH
36
PDC location and products
Location: Matrix of mitochondria Products: Acetyl Co-A, NADH, CO2
37
Krebs cycle location and products
Location: Matrix of Mitochondria Products: Oxaloacetate, NADH, ATP, FADH2, and CO2
38
ETC/ Oxidative Phosphorylation location and products
Location: Inner membrane of mitochondria Products: NAD-, FAD, and ATP
39
Alcohol Fermentation
glucose converted to ethanol and CO2 - occurs in year and other microorganisms -pyruvate decarboxylasr and alcohol dehydrogenase
40
Lactic Acid Fermentation
glucose converted to lactate and cellular energy - occurs in yeast and muscle cells - lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase
41
Secondary Messengers
IP3, cAMP, Calcium, DAG
42
Insulin
Released by pancreas -secreted by beta cells -anabolic, released when energy levels are high - decrease glucose levels in blood -stimulates liver and muscle to store glucose as glycogen
43
Somatostatin
Released by pancreas - secreted by delta cells -inhibits release of insulin and glucagon -increase nutrient absorption time by decreasing digestive system flow
44
2 parts of adrenal glands
Adrenal Medulla and Adrenal Cortex
45
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
46
Adrenal cortex
glucocorticoids: cortisol and cortisone - raise blood glucose levels - degrades adipose tissue to use as energy mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) - increase reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys -passive reabsorption of water in nephron which raises blood pressure
47
Anterior Pituatary
ACTH TSH LH FSH
48
Tropic Hormones
stimulates other endocrine glands
49
ACTH
stimulates adrenal cortex --> releases glucocorticoids
50
TSH
Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones
51
LH
Women: stimulates corpus luteum Men: Stimulates interstitial cells of testes to produce testosterone
52
FSH
Women: Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles to secrete estrogen Men: stimulates seminiferous tubule maturation and sperm production
53
Nontropic hromones
directly stimulates target genes: hGH and Prolactin
54
Glucagon
Released by pancreas: - Secreted by Alpha cells and released with energy levels are low - increase glucose levels in blood -stimulates lover to convert glycogen to glucose - stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver -converts stored adipose tissue into blood lipids
55
hGH
somatotopin; stimulates bone and muscle growth
56
Prolactin
stimulates milk production
57
Pineal gland
secreted melatonin; regulates circadian rythm
58
Thymus
immune function; secreted thymosins that stimulate white blood cells to become T-cells
59
Parathyroid
PTH; antagonist to the function of calcitonin - raises Ca2+ levels in blood by stimulating osetoclasts to breakdown bone
60
Thyroid hormones
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine and Calcitonin
61
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
Increases basal metaboloc rate in body - iodine is necessaer to synthesize thyroid hormones and prevent goiters
62
Calcitonin
stimulates osetoblast activity
63
Posterior Pituitary
**DOES NOT SYNTHESIZE HORMONES - Stores ADH ans oxytocin for release
64
ADH
increases reabsorption of eater by increasing permeability of nephrons collecting duct
65
Oxytocin
Increases strength of uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection, induces maternal behavior
66
Testosterone:
increases spermatogenisis, secondary sex characteristic
67
Estrogen
Menstrual cycle regulation; secondary sex characteristic
68
Progesterone
Menstrual cycle regulation; pregnancy

OAT Prep (1 decks)

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