Memory Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is short term memory STM?
the limited capacity store which lasts 18-30 seconds.
What is long term memory LTM?
the permanent/ unlimited capacity store which lasts up to a lifetyme.
what is coding?
the way in which information is changed and stored in memory. i.e. acoustic (sound), visual (image), or semantic (meaning)
what is capacity?
how much information can be held in a memory store e.g. 9 numbers or 25 names.
what is duration?
how long information can be held in a memory store e.g. 20s or a lifetime.
what is the capacity, duration and coding for LTM?
capacity= unlimited, duration= up to a lifetime, coding= semantically
what is the capacity, duration and coding for STM?
capacity= 7+ or - 2. duration= 18-30 seconds, coding= acoustically
What is the episodic memory
it refers to our ability to recall events from our lives.
- episodic memories are complex-
time- stamped and require a conscious effort to be recalled
what is semantic memory
it refers to memories that relate to knowledge of the world
-memories aren’t time stamped-
less personal and more about the facts that we all share
what is procedural memory
refers to our memory of actions and skills
we can recall these memories without conscious awareness
what does it mean when a memory is time- stamped
you remember when it happened
What are the four parts of the working memory model
The central executive system, the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad, the episodic buffer
what is the central executive system
it is an attentional process that monitors incoming data
it decides how to process the information by allocating relevant slave systems to tasks.
the central executive has a VERY LIMITED PROCESSING CAPACITY
what is the phonological loop
it is one of the slave systems of the WMM. 2 sub divisions.
it PROCESSES AUDITORY INFORMATION (coding is acoustic) and PRESERVES THE ORDER IN WHICH THE INFORMATION ARRIVES
1) The phonological store= stores the words you hear.
2) The auditory process= allows for maintenance rehearsal (repeating the words you hear) the capacity of this loop is to be 2 seconds of what you can say.
what is the visuo- spatial sketchpad
another slave system and has 2 sub-divisions.
stores VISUAL AND/OR SPATIAL INFORMATION when required. e.g if you were asked how many doors there are in your house .
the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad is 3-4 objects (Baddeley 2003)
Logie (1995) sub-divided visuo-spatial sktchpad
1) the visual cache= stores visual data
2) the inner scribe= records the arrangement of objects in the visual field
what is the episodic buffer
slave system added by Baddeley in 2000,
the episodic buffer can be seen as the storage component of the central executive.
it is a TEMPORARY STORE for information, INTEGRATING THE VISUAL, SPATIAL AND VERBAL INFORMATION PROCESSES BY THE OTHER STORES & MAINTAINING A SENSE OF TIME SEQUENCING.
- limited capacity of 4 chunks
- links working memory to long-term memory
what does the interference theory state
that forgetting occurs because memories interfere with one another and end up disrupting each other which leads to forgetting
what is retroactive interference
RECENT information hinders the recall of older information
what is proactive interference
PAST information hinders the recall of new information
McGeoh & McDonald (1931) key study: retroactive interference
-studied retroactive interference by varying the amount of similarity between sets of word lists presented to participants.
PROCEDURE:
-all ppt. had to learn a list of 10 words until they could remember them 100%
-then split into 6 groups & each group was required to learn a new list.
1) synonyms
2)antonyms
3)words unrelated to list 1
4)nonsense syllables
5)3 digit numbers
6)no new list
the most interference had the worst recall.
those who had learned synonyms in the second list= significantly impaired down to 12%
What was the research conducted for CODING?
(Baddeley)
Baddeley gave different lists of words to 4 groups of ppt to remember.
similar/dissimilar.
What did Baddeley’s research on coding find out?
coding is acoustic in STM
and coding is semantic in LTM
What was the research conducted on CAPACITY?
(Jacobs)
Jacobs measured digit span. how many can be remembered in a short period of time.
What did Jacob’s research on coding find out?
Mean span for digits = 9.3
mean span for letters= 7.3
