memory Flashcards
what are the three phases of memory?
encoding, storage, and retrieval
encoding
the processing of information into a neural code that can be stored in the brain
storage
the retention of information of the brain over time
retrieval
the act of accessing stored information when needed
what are the the three types of memory storage?
sensory, short-term, long-term
short-term memory
memory store that briefly holds a limited amount of information (auditory, visual, and semantic) for 20 seconds
long-term memory
stores information for access (semantic, visual, auditory) for unlimited time
what are two types of rehearsal ?
maintenance & elaborative
maintenance rehearsal
using working memory process to repeat information based on how it sounds
elaborative rehearsal
using working memory processes to think about how new information relates to yourself or your prior knowledge
primacy effect
refers to the better memory people have for items presented at the beginning of the list (reflects long-term storage)
recency effect
refers to the better memory people have for the most recent items (short-term storage)
retrograde amnesia
a conditioned in which people lose the ability to access memories they had before a brain injury
anterograde amnesia
people lose the ability to form new memories after experiencing a brain injury
what are the two types of long-term storage memories?
explicit memory & implicit memory
explicit memory
requires conscious effort and if then can be verbally described
what are two types of explicit memories?
episodic memory & semantic memory
episodic memory
personally experienced events
semantic memory
facts and knowledge
what are two types of implicit memory?
classical conditioning & procedural memory
procedural memory
motor skills and habits
what are the three type of ways that humans forget?
interference, blocking, and absentmindedness
what are the two types of interference?
retroactive & proactive
retroactive interference
access to older memories is impaired by newer memories
