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Psychology 1A HA > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different kinds of memory?

A
  1. Memory for senses
  2. Memory for learning
  3. Memory for events
  4. Memory for witnessed events
  5. Memory for skills
  6. Working memory
  7. Remembering memory
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2
Q

What is metamemory?

A

Metamemory is when you know what’s there before we start searching

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3
Q

What is prospect memory?

A

Prospect memory is memory for intentions, so you form plans or intentions to remember things and then when the time comes you implement those actions

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4
Q

What is memory illusion also referred to?

A

Memory illusion is also refereed to ‘cognitive offloading’

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5
Q

What is memory illusion?

A

Instead of having information in our minds and memory, the info is in some external device, giving us the illusion that we know that information

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6
Q

What does working memory do?

A

Working memory holds and processes activated knowledge from long term memory.
It includes the short term memory.

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7
Q

What is activated knowledge?

A

Activated knowledge is what we are thinking about right now

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8
Q

What is verbal STM?

A

Verbal STM is temporary memory for verbal material e.g. words, letters, numbers etc.

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9
Q

What is visual STM?

A

Visual STM is temporary memory for non-verbal material e.g. colours, shapes, locations

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10
Q

What is verbal serial recall?

A

Verbal serial call is one way of testing Verbal STM

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11
Q

What did acoustic confusions find?

A

Acoustic confusions found that when you ask people to remember sequences of words, numbers etc. if they sound similar it is harder to remember these items in the correct order. If they sound different it makes it easier

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12
Q

What is immediate serial recall?

A

This is where you ask people to remember the sequence of letters in the correct order

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13
Q

What did immediate serial recall show?

A

Immediate serial recall showed that acoustically similar items are more difficult to recall- this is true for words and letters

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14
Q

How did Braddeley and Hitch describe the role of the STM as part of working memory?

A

They said that STM is part of working memory not just for storing words, letters, numbers etc. for short periods of time but also for processing and manipulating information as well as holding info for short periods of time

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15
Q

What did Braddeley and Hitch find about memory span?

A

They found that memory span is poorer for long words

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16
Q

What is visual STM?

A

Visual STM is the ability to store visual appearance, shape, colour, location, pathways and movements

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17
Q

What is working memory capacity used for?

A

Working memory capacity is used for processing plus storage of information

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18
Q

What is working memory also referred to as?

A

Working memory is also referred to as working memory span.

19
Q

What is working memory capacity?

A

Working memory capacity is the max number of information being remembered

20
Q

What can ideas about working memory help diagnose?

A

It can help diagnose cognitive problems that arise from brain damage

21
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Episodic memory is memory for events that happened at a particular time

22
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

Semantic memory refers to knowledge of the world e.g. knowledge of language, places, objects, skills and personal knowledge.

23
Q

What is a schema?

A

Schema allows understanding of each situation, how to behave appropriately, helps us encode details and can aid memory

24
Q

What are fixed features of a schema?

A

They are features that are nearly always true of a schema

25
Q

What are default features of a schema?

A

They are features that are usually part of the schema

26
Q

What are optional features of a schema?

A

They are features that might or might not have been part of an event

27
Q

What are mnemonics?

A

Mnemonics are strategies for improving memory

28
Q

When does decay occur?

A

Decay occurs overtime when you don’t use the information

29
Q

When does interference occur?

A

Interference occurs when new information is interfering with what you are trying to remember

30
Q

What is retroactive interference?

A

Retroactive interference is when new learning interferes with retrieval of previous learning

31
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Proactive interference is the build up of previous learning which makes new learning more difficult

32
Q

When can mental overload happen?

A

Mental overload can happen as a result of not forgetting meaning there won’t be enough emphasis on genuine understanding and learning

33
Q

What is memory illusion?

A

Memory illusion is when we feel like we have learned information because it is stored on our phones

34
Q

What is amnesia?

A

Amnesia is abnormal forgetting following brain damage

35
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of ability to retrieve memories of events that occurred prior to brain damage

36
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Anterograde amnesia is the loss of ability to encode memories of new experiences that occur after brain damage

37
Q

What is a close mode of thinking?

A

Close mode of thinking is conscious control of our behaviour i.e. we are really thinking of what we are doing. It requires concentration but is relatively free of error since we are paying attention to what we are doing

38
Q

What is open mode of thinking?

A

Open mode of thinking is when control of behaviour is automatic i.e. we are doing things that are done so often, we don’t need to think about it.

39
Q

What is prospective memory?

A

Prospective memory is memory for future intentions and carrying them out

40
Q

What is retrospective memory?

A

Retrospective memory is memory for past events

41
Q

What are flashbulb memories?

A

They are vivid memories which refer to memory of major personal and public events

42
Q

What is one possible explanation for flashbulb memories?

A

Effect of surprise is one possible explanation. Everything in view at the time was imprinted in memory

43
Q

What is another possible explanation for flashbulb memories aside from the effect of surprise?

A

Effect of personal interest is another explanation. If something has personal importance to you and so you will likely think about it and talk about i.e. rehearsing it

44
Q

What is a further possible explanation for flashbulb memories?

A

Personal and emotional content is another explanation which would influence rehearsal as if you were shocked about an event, you would talk about it to your friends straight after the event, therefore slow down forgetting

Psychology 1A HA (5 decks)

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