Memory

Question 1

Who made the multi-store memory

Answer 1

It was made by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968

Question 2

How is information processed in MSM

Answer 2

Linear model- info flows in one direction
passive stores- Stores hold info before it is passed on or lost

Question 3

What is coding

Answer 3

different formats to store memory

Question 4

What is capacity

Answer 4

how much info can be held

Question 5

What is duration

Answer 5

How long info is held before lost

Question 6

What is a sensory register

Answer 6

it is not a cognitive store . sensory receptors detect an environmental stimulus and pass it to the brain

Question 7

How is info passed from sensory register to STM

Answer 7

Info is passed by paying attention

Question 8

How is the sensory register coded

Answer 8

it is modality specific ( depends on the sense organ)

Question 9

How much is the duration in sensory register

Answer 9

250 millisecond . short duration before lost

Question 10

what is the capacity for sensory register

Answer 10

very large and can be unlimited

Question 11

how does STM receive info

Answer 11

it receives info from the sensory register through paying attention

Question 12

what is the coding for STM

Answer 12

acoustic

Question 13

what is the capacity for STM

Answer 13

7 plus or minus a 2 and miller said it was small and it can be improved by chunking. this is making groups of items

Question 14

what is the duration of STM

Answer 14

18-30 sec

Question 15

how do we keep info in our STM

Answer 15

maintenance rehearsal

Question 16

how does info from STM to LTM work

Answer 16

it passes through elaborative or prolonged rehearsal and LTM can put info back to the STM through retrieval

Question 17

How is LTM coded

Answer 17

semantically

Question 18

What is the capacity and duration of LTM

Answer 18

unlimited

Question 19

evidence that STM and LTM are separate processes

Answer 19

Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) . participant free recall l word list and the best recalled was start and end. this is because first words entered LTM and the most recent ones entered STM displacing the middle

Question 20

Evidence Coding for STM and LTM

Answer 20

Baddely (1966) agve four 10 worded lists to four participant groups and found that STM is coded acoustically and LTM is coded semantically .
they are confused

Question 21

Evidence for the capacity of STM

Answer 21

Joseph Jacobs (1887) . they had to recall numbers and letters, the capacity for letters was 7 and 9 for numbers . this shws STM is limited . miller said it can be easier through chunking
- it can be replicated but it is outdated

Question 22

Evidence for the duration of STM

Answer 22

Peterson and Peterson (1959) showed participant three letters trigams and they had to count backwards to stop maintenance rehearsal. found that duration of STM was 18-30sec

• not a meaningful stimuli

Question 23

Evidence for the capacity for LTM

Answer 23

Wagner (1986) created 2400 diary events . when tested with a cue remembered 75% after 1 year and 45% at 5 years.

Question 24

Evidence for the duration of LTM

Answer 24

Harry Bahrick (1975) experimented with 392 American participants between 17-74 . photo regonition 15 years 90 and 45 years 70. free recall , 15 years 60% and after 45 years 30%

Question 25

two strengths for MSM

Answer 25

- artificial nature is the best and may be the only way of clearly measuring memory - the large capacity and duration of the sensory register can be evolutionary explains

Question 26

two weakness for MSM

Answer 26

- artificial tasks lacks external validity - researchers have to make inferences that can be wrong - it is too simplistic and says the stores are passive - Clive wearings and that there is more than one types of memory

Question 27

Why did different types of LTM come into place

Answer 27

TUlvin gin 1985 was a cognitiv epsychologisyt that claimed the MSM view of

Question 28

What was the three types of LTM

Answer 28

episodic ,semantic and memory

Question 29

What is semantic memory

Answer 29

facts and knowledge about the world

Question 30

What is episodic memory

Answer 30

personal events in our lives that are specific

Question 31

What is procedural memory

Answer 31

actions and motor skills

Question 32

what is declarative ( explicit memory)

Answer 32

it can be consciously recalled and can be put into words

Question 33

what is non-declarative ( implicit memory)

Answer 33

it cant be consciously recalled and can be put into words

Question 34

what is the different between the LTM

Answer 34

episodic Is timed stamped the rest isn't. procedural is recalled unconsolingly and the rest is vonsiioyl. epsiodica is autobiographical and easy to forget while the rest is resistant.