Memory Flashcards
(48 cards)
Memory
an active information-processing system that receives, stores, organises & recovers information.
Encoding
converts information into a useable form (code) that can be stored & represented in the memory system.
Retrieval
locating information stored in memory and bringing it into consciousness when needed.
The three different memory stores
Sensory, Short Term, Long Term memory
Attention
whether the person attends to incoming stimuli
Sensory Memory
The brief and initial stage of memory that captures sensory information
Duration of Sensory Memory
0.2 - 4 seconds
Capacity of Sensory Memory
Relatively unlimited
Selective attention
choosing and attending to a specific stimuli and ignoring the others.
Divided attention
Focusing on two or more activities at the same time
Automatic Processes
Tasks that require low levels of mental processing, involves low awareness, attention, and mental effort.
Controlled Processes
Tasks that require high levels of mental processing, involves high awareness, attention and mental effort.
Short Term Memory
Temporary storage system that holds a limited amount of information for a brief period.
Duration of Short Term Memory
18 - 30 seconds
Capacity of Short Term Memory
5 - 9 items
Iconic Memory
Holds the exact replica of visual information
Echoic Memory
Holds the exact replica of auditory information
Duration of Iconic Memory
0.2 - 0.4 seconds
Duration of Echoic Memory
3 - 4 seconds
Capacity of Iconic Memory
Relatively unlimited
Capacity of Echoic Memory
Relatively unlimited
Maintenance Rehearsal
simple rote repetition of information to help retain it in short term memory.
Elaborative Rehearsal
adding meaning to information or linking it to information already stored into long term memory. Helps information to be encoded into long term memory.
Chunking
grouping individual items into smaller chunks or units to increase the capacity of short term memory
