Memory Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the three main aspects of memory?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
Memory involves the processes of converting information, holding it, and locating it for use.
What is the definition of memory?
The internal record of some previous event, a process in which information is encoded, stored & retrieved.
Memory is complex and involves attention, conversion, storage, and retrieval.
What are the three separate stages of the multi-store model of memory?
- Sensory Memory
- Short-Term Memory
- Long-Term Memory
What is the capacity of sensory memory?
Unlimited
Sensory memory stores all incoming sensory information from the five different senses.
What is the duration of sensory memory?
Less than 3 seconds
Sensory information quickly fades, which is adaptive.
What is the encoding process in sensory memory based on?
Physical properties of the stimulation, e.g., sound or visual image.
Selective attention helps focus on important stimuli.
What is short-term memory also known as?
Working memory
It involves the current thoughts and information available for decision making.
What are the two types of rehearsal in short-term memory?
- Maintenance rehearsal
- Elaborative rehearsal
What is chunking in the context of short-term memory?
The process of combining information into larger, meaningful groups.
This technique helps increase working memory capacity.
What is the storage capacity of short-term memory?
Stores between 5-9 chunks of information.
This is referred to as Miller’s ‘magic number’ 7 plus or minus 2.
What is the duration of short-term memory without rehearsal?
Approximately 5-18 seconds
Short-term memory gets rid of useless information.
What is the nature of long-term memory?
A relatively permanent store of information.
Information moves from short-term to long-term memory through physical changes in neurons.
What are the two types of long-term memory?
- Procedural memory
- Declarative memory
What is procedural memory?
The memory of actions and skills learned, often referred to as ‘implicit memory’.
It requires little effort to retrieve.
What is declarative memory?
The memory of declaring how things are or what you remember.
It is also called ‘explicit memory’ and requires conscious effort for retrieval.
What are the two types of declarative memory?
- Episodic memory
- Semantic memory
What is episodic memory?
The memory of specific past or personal events.
It is linked to feelings and sensations.
What is semantic memory?
The memory of facts and information based on understanding and interpretation.
It often involves spoken or written material.
What is the storage capacity of long-term memory?
Unlimited
Memories can be recalled remarkably well after long periods.
What is the duration of long-term memory?
More than 30 seconds and up to forever.
Long-term memory is subject to distortion.
What are the features of the working memory model by Baddeley and Hitch?
- Central executive
- Phonological loop
- Visuospatial sketchpad
- Episodic buffer
What is the role of the central executive in the Baddeley-Hitch model?
Responsible for organizing information and coordinating slave systems.
It directs attention to relevant information and suppresses irrelevant info.
What does the phonological loop do?
Stores and processes sounds of language and rehearses it silently.
What does the visuospatial sketchpad do?
Stores visual and spatial information, constructs and manipulates visual images.
