Memory

Question 1

What is tactile encoding

Answer 1

Encoding what things feel like

Question 2

What is olfactory encoding

Answer 2

What things smell like

Question 3

What are ways that help with semantic encoding

Answer 3

Mnemonics

Method of loci

Question 4

How would you conduct a study to see the different types of encoding used in STM and LTM

Answer 4

Individual groups design
Learn list of words (sound same or different, mean same or different)
Sound same recall after 5 minuets
Mean same recall after one hour

Question 5

What are the three types of retrieval

Answer 5

Recognition
Cued
Free

Question 6

What are the three types of long term memory

Answer 6

Episodic

Semantic

Procedural

Question 7

What is our episodic memory

Answer 7

LTM store for personal events

Question 8

What is our semantic memory

Answer 8

LTM store for knowledge of the world

Question 9

What is our Procedural memory

Answer 9

LTM store of knowledge of how to do things

Muscle memory

Question 10

What are the AO3 points for type of LTM

Answer 10

S - patients who suffer from memory loss only lose certain kinds

S - brain scans shown separate locations

W - not a clear difference between episodic and semantic

Question 11

How is info encoded in the sensory register

Answer 11

Visually

Question 12

How is info encoded in STM

Answer 12

Acoustically

Question 13

How is info encoded in LTM

Answer 13

Semantically

Question 14

What is the capacity of the sensory register

Answer 14

Very large

Cells in the eyes

Question 15

What is the capacity of STM

Answer 15

7+-2

Question 16

What is the capacity of LTM

Answer 16

Unlimited

Question 17

What is the duration of the sensory register

Answer 17

Half a second

Question 18

What is the duration of STM

Answer 18

18-30 seconds

Question 19

What is the duration of LTM

Answer 19

Unlimited

Question 20

What is maintenance rehearsal

Answer 20

The process that keeps information inside STM by circulating the information

Question 21

What is prolonged rehearsal

Answer 21

How information moves from short term memory to long term memory

Question 22

What are the AO3 points of the MSM of memory

Answer 22

W - cannot explain flashbulb memories

W - research often uses artificial memory tasks

S - there is evidence for different memory stores

Question 23

Who studied the serial position curve

Answer 23

Murdock

Question 24

What did Murdock aim to do

Answer 24

See if memory of words was affected by the position of a word in a list

Question 25

Who were the sample for murdocks study

Answer 25

103 male and female psychology students

Question 26

What was Murdock’s method

Answer 26

Ps listened to 20 word lists Word lists varied from 10-40 words in length After each list the participants had 90 seconds to recall the words in any order

Question 27

What were the results of murdocks study

Answer 27

Beginning and end recalled the best (primacy and recency) Words in the middle were forgotten

Question 28

What is the primacy effect

Answer 28

Where words at the start of a list are remembered because they are repeated and so go into LTM

Question 29

What is the recency effect

Answer 29

Where words at the end of a list are remembered because they are learnt recently and so go into STM

Question 30

What are the AO3 points for murdocks study

Answer 30

S - study was done in strict lab conditions W - study used artificial material S - research with amnesiac patients supports the conclusion (dont show primacy)

Question 31

What are the four main points in the theory of reconstructive memory

Answer 31

Memory is inaccurate Reconstructive memory Social and cultural influences Effort after meaning

Question 32

What does memory is inaccurate mean

Answer 32

Don’t have accurate recal Store small fragments of information when an event is recalled we recombine the pieces to tell story in meaningful way.

Question 33

What does reconstructive memory mean

Answer 33

Store small fragments of information in LTM Reassemble during recall Gaps filled by expectation to make a story that makes sense

Question 34

What does effort after meaning mean

Answer 34

Focus’s on the general meaning of an event and then make effort to interpret the meaning after Do this by using info we already know Sometimes mistakenly remember things that aren’t there bc it makes sense for them to be

Question 35

What are the AO3 points for reconstructive memory

Answer 35

S - Bartlet research reflects how memory used everyday S - can explain problems with reliability of EWT W - not all memory’s are reconstructed

Question 36

Who did the war of the ghosts study

Answer 36

Bartlet

Question 37

What was Bartlett’s aim

Answer 37

Use a story from a different culture to see how cultural expectations affect the meaning of an event and

Question 38

Who were the sample for Bartlett’s study

Answer 38

Students from a a uni in the uk

Question 39

What was the method for Bartlett’s study

Answer 39

Told the story 15 mins later Ps recalled the story New participant told the recalled version of the story This was repeated until the story became fixed

Question 40

What were the results of Bartlett’s study

Answer 40

Ps remembered different parts of the story Shortened story Phrases changed canoe-boat Recalled version became fixed

Question 41

What did Bartlett’s conclude

Answer 41

Reconstructive memory’s are Easyer to recall Only remember small fragments and general meaning and use knowledge to fill in gaps

Question 42

What are the AO3 points of Bartlett’s study

Answer 42

W - study lacked control (not clear instructions) W - results were biased W - study was unusual

Question 43

What is proactive interference

Answer 43

When an old memory interferes with a new memory causing the new memory to be forgotten

Question 44

What is retroactive interference

Answer 44

When a new memory interferes with an older memory causing the older memory to be forgotten

Question 45

How does context affect recall

Answer 45

Context of learning acts as a trigger or cue when recalling info This improves the accuracy of our memory

Question 46

What is a false memory

Answer 46

A memory that did not happen but feels true