Memory Flashcards
(16 cards)
Working memory
Working memory is the ability to hold information in mind for a brief time and work with it
Semantic memory
Semantic memory is the storehouse of permanent general knowledge
Episodic memory
Episodic memory is the ability to recall the specific events and episodes that you personally experience
Flashbulb memory
Flashbulb memory is exceptionally vivid, long-lasting memory of distinctive and emotional events
Autobiographical memory
Autobiographical memory is memory of events that relate to one’s life
What are the three stages of making a memory?
Encoding, storage, and retrieval
Encoding
Encoding is the initial experience of perceiving and learning events. Encoding is automatic but also selective
Recoding
Recoding is taking information from one form and adapting/converting it in a way that makes sense to us
When does recoding take place?
Recoding takes place during encoding, making associations between new information and things we already know
Memory trace
Memory trace is the change in the brain that represents the storage of an experience
Consolidation
Consolidation is the neural changes that occur over time to create the memory trace of an experience
Are memory traces reliable?
No
What do inaccessible memory traces that cannot be retrieved represent?
Inaccessible memory traces that cannot be retrieved represent forgotten information that might not become accessible again
What things can improve memory?
Mnemonics and repetition
Tulving (1979) Encoding Specificity Principle
Retrieval is more likely to succeed when the information present at retrieval matches the information stored in the memory trace
Levels of Processing Theory (Craik & Lockhart, 1972)
The level or depth of stimulus processing during encoding has a large effect on its memorability. Deeper levels of processing produce longer-lasting and stronger memory traces than shallow levels
