memory

Question 1

what is evidence 1 for para 2

Answer 1

increased processing speed

Kail (1991) demonstrated that children become faster at executing basic cognitive tasks, which frees up memory resources and enables them to handle more info at once

Question 2

what is evidence 2 for para 2

Answer 2

maturation of the central executive

as children grow, the executive function component of working memory becomes more efficient, enhancing their ability to allocate attention, inhibit distractions, and switch between tasks (Diamond, 2013)

Question 3

what is evidence 3 for para 2

Answer 3

neurological development

brain imaging studies suggest that maturation of the prefrontal cortex and associated networks supports improvements in working memory (Casey et al., 2000)

Question 4

what is evidence 1 for para 3

Answer 4

rehearsal

Flavell et al., 1966

found that older children who rehearsed out loud recalled more items than those who did not, illustrating a key strategy that enhances quantitative performance

Question 5

what is evidence 2 for para 3

Answer 5

Miller (1976)

organisation

demonstrated that the ability to categorise emerges with age and is associated with improvements in recall

Question 6

what is evidence 3 for para 3

Answer 6

Chi (1978)

knowledge base

famously showed that child chess experts outperformed adult novices in recalling positions of pieces on a chessboard. despite having inferior general memory, the children’s richer knowledge base enabled more efficient encoding and retrieval, highlighting how knowledge can compensate for limitations in working memory

Question 7

what is evidence 4 for para 3

Answer 7

Schneider and Pressley (1997)

metacognition

argued that metacognitive development is a major driver of improvements in memory efficiency