memory

Question 1

is the ability to retain information through encoding, storing, and retrieving.

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

three memory processes:

1. putting information into memory

Answer 2

encoding

Question 3

three memory processes:

2. holding onto information for some period of time

Answer 3

storing

Question 4

three memory processes:

3. getting information out of storage

Answer 4

retrieving

Question 5

three stages of memory:

1. the information will last from one second to fifteen seconds

Answer 5

sensory memory

Question 6

three stages of memory:

2. the information will last from fifteen seconds to few hours

Answer 6

short term memory

Question 7

three stages of memory:

3. the information will last for a long period of time or indefinitely

Answer 7

long term memory

Question 8

types of sensory memory:

1. the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli. (sound)

Answer 8

echoic

Question 9

types of sensory memory:

2. the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of visual stimuli. (image)

Answer 9

iconic

Question 10

function of short term memory:
1. decides if an information is important.

Answer 10

attention

Question 11

function of short term memory:
2. is the process where information is kept in short-term memory by mentally repeating it.

Answer 11

rehearsing

Question 12

`function of short term memory:

3. storing information

Answer 12

storing

Question 13

function of short term memory:
4. a process by which a person organizes material into meaningful groups.

Answer 13

chunking

Question 14

types of long term memory :
1. that involves memories from factors or events.
(sometimes referred to as explicit memory) refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge.

Answer 14

declarative

Question 15

a. knowledge of facts, concepts, words, definitions, and language.

Answer 15

semantic

Question 16

b. knowledge of specific events, experiences, or activities.

Answer 16

episodic

Question 17

types of long term memory

2. memories for skills, habits, and things learned through conditioning.

Answer 17

procedural

Question 18

inability to retrieve, recall, or organize information

Answer 18

forgetting

Question 19

exceptional forms of memories:

1. refers to individuals with exceptional memory.

Answer 19

memorists

Question 20

exceptional forms of memories:

2. individuals who possess eidetic imagery power

Answer 20

eidetikers

Question 21

exceptional forms of memories:

3. is where the memory breaks down such as amnesia

Answer 21

memory disorder

Question 22

theories of forgetting:

1. the cause of forgetting is information learned earlier of later

Answer 22

interference theory

Question 23

theories of forgetting:

2. due to lapse of time

Answer 23

decay theory

Question 24

theories of forgetting:

3. the memory things are present, but one just cannot bring out the information (esp. if the cues are absent)

Answer 24

retrieval based forgetting

Question 25

theories of forgetting: 4. this is due to the distortion of learned information in the long-term memory like if alternations and changes occurred.

Answer 25

storage based forgetting

Question 26

theories of forgetting: | 5. a purposeful or voluntary process of blocking the information learned.

Answer 26

motivated forgetting

Question 27

forms of amnesia: | 1. refers to the inability to form new permanent memories like remembering the name of their physicians.

Answer 27

anterograde amnesia

Question 28

forms of amnesia: | 2. refers to the inability to reproduce and recall pieces of information learned prior to the amnesia

Answer 28

retrograde amnesia

Question 29

is a rare form of amnesia which is a memory disorder brought about by emotionally disturbing event.

Answer 29

psychogenic amnesia

Question 30

refers to the manipulation of mental representations of information. it is everything that the conscious mind does. that would include perception, mental arithmetic, remembering, or conjuring up an image. on this definition it simply equates to conscious cognitive processes.

Answer 30

thinking

Question 31

elements of thinking: | 1. consists of imagining or visualizing things

Answer 31

imagery thinking

Question 32

elements of thinking: | 2. involves inner speech and implicit muscular movements (i.e., we talk to ourselves when we think)

Answer 32

inner speech and movement

Question 33

elements of thinking: 3. thinking takes place through concepts. concepts are classification of objects, events, or people (e.g., pork and beef). prototypes are best example of the concept.

Answer 33

conceptual thinking

Question 34

elements of thinking: | 4. is thinking with and about words. it is learning to attach word labels to things and concepts

Answer 34

verbal thinking

Question 35

elements of thinking: | 5. for concepts by analyzing our experiences and identifying similarities among various objects.

Answer 35

learning concepts

Question 36

ability to discover novel solutions to problems or to produce novel works,

Answer 36

creative thinking

Question 37

is when the person comes up with a variety of plausible solutions for creating the unusual.

Answer 37

creativity

Question 38

``` steps in creative thinking: 1. 2. 3. 4. ```

Answer 38

1. preparation 2. incubation 3. inspiration 4. verification and revision

Question 39

``` factors affecting effective thinking: 1. 2. 3, 4. ```

Answer 39

1. intelligence 2. motivation 3, mind set 4. functional fixedness