Memory

Question 0

Storage

Answer 0

Retention of encoded info over time

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

Processing of information into the memory system– for example, by extracting meaning

Question 2

Retrieval

Answer 2

Process of getting information out of memory storage

Question 3

Sensory memory

Answer 3

The immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Question 4

Short term memory

Answer 4

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the info Is stored or forgotten

Question 5

Long term memory

Answer 5

Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system, includes knowledge skills and experiences

Question 6

Working memory

Answer 6

Newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial info and of info retrieved from long term memory

Question 7

Parallel processing

Answer 7

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously. The brains natural mode of info processing for many functions. Contrasts with step by step processing of computers and conscious problem solving

Question 8

Automatic processing

Answer 8

Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time frequency and of well learned info such as word meanings

Question 9

Effortful processing

Answer 9

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 10

Rehearsal

Answer 10

Conscious repetition of info either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage

Question 11

Spacing effect

Answer 11

Tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or oractice

Question 12

Serial position effect

Answer 12

Tendency to recall best the last and first items on s list

Question 13

Visual encoding

Answer 13

Encoding of picture images

Question 14

Acoustic recording

Answer 14

Encoding of sound especially words

Question 15

Semantic encoding

Answer 15

Encoding of meaning including words

Question 16

Imagery

Answer 16

Mental pictures. A powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding

Question 17

Mnemonics

Answer 17

Memory aids especially those using vivid imagery and organizational devices

Question 18

Chunking

Answer 18

Organizing items into familiar manageable units; often automatic

Question 19

Iconic memory

Answer 19

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Question 20

School memory

Answer 20

Momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

Question 21

Long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 21

Increase in synapse firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be neural basis for learning and memory

Question 22

Flashbulb memory

Answer 22

Clear memory of emotionally significant moment or event

Question 23

Amnesia

Answer 23

Loss of memory

Question 24

Implicit memory

Answer 24

Retention independent of conscious recollecgion

Question 25

Explicit memory

Answer 25

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”

Question 26

Hippocampus

Answer 26

Neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Question 27

Recall

Answer 27

Measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned earlier as on a fill in the blank test

Question 28

Recognition

Answer 28

Measure of memory in which person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple choice test

Question 29

Relearning

Answer 29

Measure of memory that assesses amount of time saved when learning material for second time

Question 30

Priming

Answer 30

Activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memoryt

Question 31

Deja vu

Answer 31

“I’ve experienced this before”

Question 32

Mood-congruent memory

Answer 32

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood

Question 33

Proactive interference

Answer 33

Disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new jnflrmation

Question 34

Retroactive interference

Answer 34

Disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info

Question 35

Repression

Answer 35

In psychoanalytic theory, basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories

Question 36

Misinformation effect

Answer 36

Incorporating misleading info into ones memory of an event

Question 37

Source amnesia

Answer 37

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Along with misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memoreis