Memory

Question 1

Who captured working memory?

Answer 1

Milner, Galatner and Pribram (196)

Question 2

What is more active during semantic processing?

Answer 2

Left ventrolateral prefrontal (BA45/47)

Wernicke’s area (BA22)

Question 3

What’s more important for phonological processing

Answer 3

Broca’s area (BA44)

LH more than RH

Question 4

IFG (BA44) reveals higher activity for what?

Answer 4

3 syllable words, indicating more articulatory rehearsal

Question 5

What is responsible for space in visual STM?

Answer 5

posterior parietal cortex (Milner and Goodale, 1992)

Question 6

what is responsible for objects in visual STM?

Answer 6

temporal cortex (Milner and Goodale, 1992)

Question 7

How do we investigate VWM?

Answer 7

digit span forward
digit span backward
N back task

Question 8

Where is spatial memory?

Answer 8

Posterior parietal cortex (Gnad and Andersen 1988)

Question 9

What did Oyachi and otsuka (1994) find?

Answer 9

the right PPC is more prominent for spatial working memory

Question 10

What does FFA stand for?

Answer 10

fusiform face area

Question 11

Recognition of scenes is done where?

Answer 11

Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

Question 12

EBA stands for what?

Answer 12

Extra-striate body area

Question 13

MT or V5 are responsible for what?

Answer 13

memory of moving or static stimuli

Question 14

What creates LTM?

Answer 14

Long term potentiation (re-structure of neurone to create new links)

Question 15

How is memory organised?

Answer 15

logically

Question 16

What’s episodic memory?

Answer 16

specific personal events and their context

Question 17

what’s semantic memory?

Answer 17

general knowledge about the world

Question 18

what’s priming?

Answer 18

things we have experienced more often and are salient

Question 19

what’s procedural memory?

Answer 19

unconscious learned tasks

Question 20

How can episodic and semantic memory be tested?

Answer 20

recall tasks and recognition tasks

Question 21

What comprises the LTM system?

Answer 21

hippocampus and amygdala (limbic system)

Question 22

Whats the hippocampus used for?

Answer 22

forming new explicit memories (case HM)

Question 23

what’s the amygdala used for?

Answer 23

emotional aspects and sensory memories are encoded

Question 24

Maguire (2000) found what looking at taxi drivers?

Answer 24

a correlation of hippocampus size and years of service showing it accommodates for more spatial navigation neurons

Question 25

What happens when the medial temporal lobe is damaged?

Answer 25

cannot use prior navigation information

Question 26

What does amygdala damage lead to?

Answer 26

unable to be conditioned to fearful stimuli

Question 27

what is the amygdala involved in?

Answer 27

memory consolidation

Question 28

How does emotion affect memory?

Answer 28

emotion memories better remembered as are negative ones positive memories have more contextual detail strong emotion can impair memory emotional arousal is the important aspect

Question 29

What does prefrontal cortex damage lead to?

Answer 29

impaired ability to store STM and WM

Question 30

What's non-declarative memory?

Answer 30

implicit and happens without conscious awareness

Question 31

What are the two types of non-declarative memory?

Answer 31

priming (alteration of experience based on knowledge) | procedural (skill learning and conditioning)

Question 32

What's the cerebellum important for?

Answer 32

motor control, attention, emotion and language (10% overall weight and has the same number of neurone as the rest of the brain)

Question 33

what does damage to the cerebellum cause?

Answer 33

asynergia, dysmetria, adiadochokinesia | intention tremor, ataxic gait, hypotnoia, ataxic dysarthia, nystagmus

Question 34

What is LTP?

Answer 34

a neurone shows an increased excitability over time due to repeated synaptic input

Question 35

What is habituation?

Answer 35

an individual ceases to respond to a stimulus after a prolonged period of time - when there's no reward/punishment

Question 36

What is sensitisation?

Answer 36

the strengthening of a response to a stimulus due to the response to a secondary stimulus

Question 37

Tang, Y-P (1999) demonstrated LTP in transgenic mice...

Answer 37

with high amounts of NMDA had enhanced LTP

Question 38

What three mechanisms cause priming?

Answer 38

fatigue sharpening facilitation

Question 39

What is LTD?

Answer 39

Long term depression - the opposite of LTP. A reduction of AMPA receptors at the synapse