Memory

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

The process whereby we transform information received into a meaningful form that allows us to store it

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

Holding or Storing the information

Question 3

Retrieval

Answer 3

Bringing the memory out of storage and restoring the information so that it can be used where needed

Question 4

What did Atkinson and Shiffrin put forward about the multi - store model?

Answer 4

• It assumes that memory consists of three separate stores ‘sensory memory, short - term memory, long - term memory’
• assumes that information must flow through the stores in a fixed linear sequence, being re - coded as it passes through each one
• rehearsal of material is key to getting information from the STM into the LTM

Question 5

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 5

Repeatedly verbalising or thinking about a piece of information

Question 6

Sensory Memory

Answer 6

Input from the enviroment

Question 7

Iconic store

Answer 7

Visual information

Question 8

Echoic store

Answer 8

Auditory Information

Question 9

Haptic store

Answer 9

Tactile information

Question 10

What did Sperling find out about iconic memory?

Answer 10

He found people could retain four items for up to one second

Question 11

What did Sperlings findings conclude?

Answer 11

• Retain items for about two seconds
• Only record information passively
• Only retain information in a relatively unprocessed form

Question 12

What is the sensory memory made up of ?

Answer 12

separate stores for visual information, auditory information and tactile information.

Question 13

What technique did Jacobs carryout ?

Answer 13

To measure the capacity of STM. He did the digit - span technique

Question 14

Capacity of short term memory

Answer 14

7+/-2 as stated by Miller

Question 15

Duration of short term memory

Answer 15

seconds

Question 16

Encoding of short term memory

Answer 16

Mainly acoustic

Question 17

Memory trace

Answer 17

Hypothetical permanent change in the nervous system brought about by memorising something

Question 18

Interference

Answer 18

Explanation for forgetting in long term memory.

Question 19

What did Tulving propose?

Answer 19

That there were three types of long term memory

Question 20

Episodic

Answer 20

A part of the long - term memory responsible for storing information about events that we have experienced in our lives

Question 21

Procedural

Answer 21

A part of the long term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things so it is not conscious but rather automatic

Question 22

Semantic

Answer 22

A part of the long term memory responsible for storing information about the world that involves conscious thought

Question 23

Capacity of long term memory

Answer 23

unlimited

Question 24

Duration of long term memory

Answer 24

up to a lifetime

Question 25

Encoding of long term memory

Answer 25

mainly semantic

Question 26

What did Baddeley and Hitch state?

Answer 26

- developed a model of short term memory which they called working memory

Question 27

Central executive

Answer 27

this is involved in all tasks requiring attention. It allocates resources to the other stores and acts as the controller for working memory

Question 28

Visuo - spatial sketchpad

Answer 28

this holds visual information such as size, shape and colour. it consists of two sub components; an active rehearsal mechanism called the inner scribe which is linked to a passive visual store called the visual cache. The visuo - spatial sketchpad is assumed to be responsible for manipulating visual images.

Question 29

Phonological loop

Answer 29

this holds information in speech-based form. Again, to has two sub components; an active articulatory loop which maintains auditory information by sub - vocal repetition, and a passive storage system known as the phonological store

Question 30

proactive interference

Answer 30

the inability to be able to learn something new because something that had been learnt previously (an old memory) interferes with the learning of something new

Question 31

Retroactive interference

Answer 31

forgetting something learnt previously because of learning a new task. The later learning interferes with earlier learning

Question 32

retrieval cues

Answer 32

when storing a memory with details and information associated with it