Memory and Forgetting

Question 1

Processing information into our memory

Answer 1

Encoding

Question 2

Retaining encoded information

Answer 2

Storage

Question 3

Get info back out of memory storage

Answer 3

Retrieval

Question 4

Simultaneously processing info from several sources of stimuli

Answer 4

Parallel processing

Question 5

Brief recording of sensory information

Answer 5

Sensory memory

Question 6

Small storage that holds info for short period of time

Answer 6

Short term memory

Question 7

Limitless storage, relatively permanent home for info

Answer 7

Long term memory

Question 8

Memory you don’t have to actively recall

Answer 8

Implicit memory

Question 9

Memory of facts and experiences that you can consciously know

Answer 9

Explicit memory

Question 10

Factual and conceptual knowledge about the world

Answer 10

Semantic memory

Question 11

Our life and experiences: when, where, how relates to us

Answer 11

Episodic memory

Question 12

When encoding is distributed over time, retention increases

Answer 12

Spacing effect

Question 13

Practicing retrieval increases retention

Answer 13

Testing effect

Question 14

Encodes memory based on the meaning of words – deeper processing –> better retention

Answer 14

Deep processing

Question 15

Encoding on a basic level – words’ sounds or letters

Answer 15

Shallow processing

Question 16

When emotions are attached to a memory, it’s easier to remember (shock, surprise, intense emotions)

Answer 16

Flashbulb memory

Question 17

Retrieving info from outside of your conscious awareness but that you have learned before

Answer 17

Recall

Question 18

Identify things you’ve previously learned

Answer 18

Recognition

Question 19

Organizing items into units to allow easier recall – like how we remember phone numbers

Answer 19

Chunking

Question 20

Turning a passage of abstract words into a more visualizable word (DR MRS VANDERTRAMP; RMIVUXG) – can also be things like singing a song (low dhi hi dlow) or rhyming (i before e except after c)

Answer 20

Mnemonics

Question 21

When thoughts and memories are prominent only in certain locations or while you’re engaging in certain tasks

Answer 21

Context-dependent memory

Question 22

After learning something in one state, you might easily forget it in a different state and easily remember it in the same state

Answer 22

State-dependent memory

Question 23

Better at remembering the first and last items in a list

Answer 23

Serial position effect

Question 24

When you remember the past but cannot form new memories

Answer 24

Anterograde amnesia

Question 25

When you cannot remember the past / retrieve old long term memory

Answer 25

Amnesia

Question 26

When you recall prior learning instead of new information (not on purpose)

Answer 26

Proactive interference

Question 27

When you recall new learning instead of old information (not on purpose)

Answer 27

Retroactive interference

Question 28

Exposure to misleading info can alter your memories

Answer 28

Misinformation effect

Question 29

Can better recall info at the beginning of a list than later on

Answer 29

Primacy effect

Question 30

Memory for automatic skills (riding a bike, putting on clothes, ......)

Answer 30

Procedural memory

Question 31

After conducting a study, meet with participants to explain the purpose of the study and if any deception occured

Answer 31

Debriefing

Question 32

Misleading participants to believe the research experiment or procedure is different than it actually is

Answer 32

Deception

Question 33

Maintaining a standard of care and not acting in a way that could harm others

Answer 33

Duty of care

Question 34

Rehearsal beyond mastery improves retention

Answer 34

Overlearning

Question 35

Cramming

Answer 35

Massed practice

Question 36

Studying over time

Answer 36

Distributed practice

Question 37

More likely to remember things at the end of a list

Answer 37

Recency effect

Question 38

The psychologist who worked with memorizing nonsense symbols and created the memory curve

Answer 38

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 39

Unconscious encoding of incidental info

Answer 39

Automatic processing

Question 40

Requiring attention and conscious effort to commit to memory

Answer 40

Effortful processing

Question 41

Visual memory, part of sensory memory

Answer 41

Iconic memory

Question 42

Auditory memory, part of sensory memory

Answer 42

Echoic / Acoustic memory

Question 43

Repeatedly engaging with info in short term memory

Answer 43

Maintenance rehearsal

Question 44

The first part of Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Answer 44

Sensory input leads to sensory memory

Question 45

The second part of Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Answer 45

Attention leads to short term memory

Question 46

The third part of Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Answer 46

Encoding leads to long term memory

Question 47

Hippocampus

Answer 47

Switching station between short term and long term memory ; stores explicit long term memory ; sleep is essential

Question 48

Thalamus

Answer 48

Encodes sensory memory into short-term memory

Question 49

Stores Implicit memory and has long term memory distributed throughout

Answer 49

Cerebellum

Question 50

Strengthen connection between neurons when used a lot -- more used, more efficient the communication is

Answer 50

Long-term potentiation

Question 51

If info is never transferred from sensory memory to short-term memory or never transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory

Answer 51

Encoding failure

Question 52

Retention drops off quickly

Answer 52

Storage decay

Question 53

Memory War debate

Answer 53

The argument between Freud's idea that memories can be repressed as a defense mechanism and Loftus' idea that memories can be manipulated because they're malleable

Question 54

Mood-congruent memory

Answer 54

Mood creates connections when forming memory, therefore those memories easier to remember when in that mood again