Memory AO1 Flashcards
How was the coding of sensory register investigated
Crowder found only retains few milliseconds in iconic store but 2 to 3 in choice store supporting sensory infomation having different stores of different durations
How was capacity of sensory register investigated
Sperling (1960) flashed a 3 x 4 grid of letters onto a screen for one-twentieth of a second, and asked participants to recall the letters of one row. He sounded different tones (high, medium, or low) to indicate to participants which row they needed to recall. Recall of letters in the indicated row was high. This suggests all
the information was originally there, suggesting that the capacity of the SR is large.
How was duration of the sensory register investigated
Triesman (1964) presented identical auditory messages to both ears of participants, with a slight delay between presentations. Participants noticed the messages were identical if the delay was two seconds or less. This suggests the echoic store has a limited duration of two seconds.
How was the coding of stm investigated
Baddley had acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar and semantically dissimilar word lists. Participants had to recall lists either immediately or after 20 minutes. Those who did it immediately had worse recall on acoustically similar as they got them confused wheras after 20 minutes worst recall was on the semantically similar.
How was capacity of stm investigated
Jacobs participants were asked to recall a sequence of numbers or letters presented to them, and the sequence length was increased until the participant could no longer recall it correctly. Participants mean span they could remember was 9.3 when digits and 7.3 when letters. Miller used the same technique but used chunking and found people could remember 5 words just as easily as 5 letters. Used the phrase “the magical number 7 plus or minus 2”
How was duration of stm investigated
Peterson and Peterson had 24 students take part in 8 trials and were given a trigram such as BNT and a three-digit number. They had to count backwards from this number to prevent rehearsal.
• On each trial, they were stopped after either 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 seconds. This was termed the retention interval. After 18 sec ppl could not recall the trigram
How was capacity of ltm investigated
Wageneear Wagenaar created a diary of 2,400 events over 6
years and tested himself on recall of the events rather than
the dates. He could recall and describe most of the events in
the diary.
How was duration of ltm investigated
Bharick Studied 392 American participants aged between 17 and 74. Recall of the people that the participants had gone to school with was tested using photo recognition (50 photos from a person’s yearbook) and free recall (participants recalled all the names of their graduating class) 90% accuracy for photo recognition for participants who had graduated within 15 years and 60% accuracy for free recall. After 48 years, photo recognition recall was about 70% and 30% for free recall
