Memory&Brain -FE Flashcards
What is consolidation?
Progressive stabilization of LTM after initial encoding
How memories are permanently stored
Describe the standard model of system consolidations by Squires et al.
Hippocampus encodes and consolidates, helps bind connections in neocortex.
Consolidation occurs when memory is reactivated.
After neocortical areas are bound together, hippocampus no longer needed
What does Standard model of systems consolidation explain?
Explains temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia.
Describe Multiple-trace Theory
Alternative to standard model.
Hippocampus encodes/binds together aspects of event.
Stores a pointer to various representations in neocortex (mediates retrieval).
New trace created each time retrieved, old memories strengthened.
Old episodic memories become “personal semantics”
Standard theory versus multiple-trace theory
Multiple trace theory’s semantic memories are context-free, and episodic memories are contextually-rich.
Steps to retrieve from LTM & future thinking?
Cue
Retrieval effort (FPCN)
Retrieval (MTL)
Subjective experience of remembering (DMN)
decision effort (FPCN)
response
FPCN
Frontoparietal control network
DMN
default mode network
MTL
Medial Temporal Lobe
What two regions does working memory emerge from?
Attentional control regions in Frontoparietal network.
Regions that can represent information.
List the 3 phases of LTM
Encoding
Storage
Retrival
Where are memories stored?
Neocortex
Damage to left temporo-parietal areas
impaired STM, intact LTM
Frontal lobe damage
delayed match-to-sample tasks
damage to left inferior frontal gyrus
interference in working memory
