Memory- Case Studies Flashcards
(30 cards)
Who carried out the study Into STM capacity?
George Miller
George Miller- 1956
Digit span test into STM capacity
-Concluded capacity was 7+/-2
Who carried out the study into STM duration?
Peterson & Peterson
Peterson & Peterson- 1959
Consonant Test
-Gave consonant and the number to repeat during retention interval
-Retention interval ranged from 3 to 18s
-only 2% correct after 18s
Who carried out the study into LTM duration?
Harry Bahrick
Harry Bahrick- 1975
Schoolmates memory test
- tested 400 people aged 17-70 on memory of schoolmates
-free recall or photo recognition
-48yrs after graduation- 70% remember photos, 30% free recall
Who carried out the study into STM & LTM encoding?
Alan Badderly
Alan Badderly- 1966
Similar & Different word lists
-Acoustically or Semantically similar/different word lists
Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)
The Multi-store model of Memory
Badderly & Hitch (1974)
The Working Memory Model
Who discovered that interference occurs when pieces of info are similar?
McGeoch & McDonald
McGeoch & McDonald (1931)
Interference & Similarity
-Had to learn a list of 10 words then a list of another 10 words
-Performance of memory depended on the nature of 2nd list
Who looked into the real life effects of interference?
Baddeley & Hitch
Baddeley & Hitch (1977)
Rugby Players & Interference
-asked players which team they played in their last game
-The more teams that a player had played, the less they could remember past games
Who supports the theory of retroactive interference?
Georg Muller
Georg Muller
Retroactive Interference
-Participants given lists of nonsense syllables
-Asked to recall after a retention interval (and sometimes an interference task of describing painting)
Who supported the theory of proactive interference?
Underwood
Underwood (1950)
Proactive interference
-Meta analysis
-Participants learned multiple word lists
-later word lists weren’t remembered as well as earlier lists
Schmidt et al (2000)
retroactive interference
-used streetnames
-Asked 11-79 year olds to name the streets on a map around their old school
-More times they had moved= less remembered
Who investigated context dependent cues?
Godden & Baddely
Godden & Baddely (1975)
Context dependent
- Studied divers on how they learned new material
-Taught in water or in land
-Some were asked to recite in the environment they learned while others were asked to recite in opposite environment
Who investigated state dependent cues?
Overton
Overton (1972)
State dependent
-Participants learned material drunk or sober
-Tested and asked to recall- better recall if in the same state
Who investigated category dependent cues?
Tulving & Pearlstone
