Memory III: Remembering & Forgetting

Question 1

Transfer appropriate processing (TAP)

Answer 1

• a type of state-dependent memory
• test performance is dependent on similarity between level of processing for learning
• e.g. tasked to remember through rhyming vs. semantics

Question 2

Tulving’s model: multiple interactive levels

Answer 2

• episodic: autonoetic (self-aware recollections)
• semantic: noetic (aware of info but not the origin)
• procedural: anoetic (unaware)

Question 3

Contemporary LTM Model

Answer 3

• LTM is split off into declarative (explicit) e.g. facts and events; non-declarative (implicit) e.g. procedural, conditioning, priming

Question 4

Episodic vs. procedural memory

Answer 4

• amnesic patients can learn procedural tasks with a lack of episodic memory for training; intact priming response

Question 5

Penfield: stimulation of temporal lobes

Answer 5

• memory was elicited, suggesting the existence of a permanent storage

Question 6

Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve

Answer 6

• logarithmic decay of info
• baseline amount that kind of sticks for a long duration

Question 7

Decay vs. interference (cockroaches)

Answer 7

• trained to avoid electric shocks
• those allowed to move (engage with other stimuli) were much more prone to forgetting than the cockroaches that were immobilized
• suggests possibility that memory retrieval is simply interfered by the presence of new info

Question 8

Retroactive & proactive interference

Answer 8

• retroactive: later learning disturbs previous
• proactive: earlier learning disrupts acquisition of new info

Question 9

Cue-dependent forgetting

Answer 9

• with lack of a cue, we are not able to recall info
• intrinsic: features that are integral in the stimulus
• extrinsic: state-dependent cues e.g. time, place, mood

Question 10

Repression & motivated forgetting

Answer 10

• Freud: active repression of trauma?
• simply being asked to forget decreased recall