Memory Key Terms Flashcards
(30 cards)
Coding
Form in which information is stored in memory
Capacity
How much information can be stored in memory
Duration
Length of time in which memory can be retained
Multi store model
Idea that STM and LTM are separate stores
STM has to be rehearsed to transfer to LTM
Cognitive explanation of memory
Sensory register
Automatic response to the reception of sensory information.
First storage system within the MSM
STM
Conscious experience where information is processed from the SR through attention and rehearsal.
Information is stored temporarily and is thought to have limited capacity and duration
Has to be rehearsed to transfer to LTM
LTM
Information can be stored here permanently
Unlimited capacity
Lifetime duration
Rehearsal
Repeat info so that it encodes in LTM
Decay
Type of forgetting that occurs when memories fade over time
Applied to STM and sensory storage
Defat occurs because we don’t need to process every single piece of information
Interference
Old information interferes with the acquisition or comprehension of learning new information
(or vice versa depending on what type of interference it is)
Displacement
Information if forgotten due to limited capacity in the STM
Serial position effect
Refers to the tendency to recall information that is presented first and list better than information presented in the middle
Primary effect
Information learned first will be remembered better due to information being transferred to the LTM through rehearsal
Recency effect
Information learned last will be remembered better as it is still in rehearsal loop
Words remain in the STM prior to recall
Working memory model
Idea that memory has several different stores
Represents the part of memory when working on a 2 different complex tasks
E.g. visual and verbal
Central executive
Responsible for controlling of attention
Also it directs and processes information from the slave states and LTM
Has limited storage capacity
Phonological loop
Processes speech-based sounds
Phonological store (inner ear): stores acoustically codes items
Articulatory control process (inner voice):
Allows sub-vocal repetition (rehearsal) of times stored in the phonological store
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Stores/process visual and spatial information
Helps navigate and interact with the environment
Visual cache: stores information about form and colour
Inner scribe: deals with spatial and movement information
Episodic buffer
General memory store
Slave systems deal with the specific tasks for specific types of information
Helps organize info into chunks/episodes
Limited capacity
Episodic LTM
Explicit
Memory- autobiographical record of our personal experiences
Influenced by our emotions
Helps individuals distinguish between real and imagined events
Located in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and neocortex
Semantic LTM
Explicit
Memory- knowledge and facts
Located in the hippocampus, formal and temporal lobes
Procedural LTM
Implicit
Helps individuals recall motor skills/tasks without conscious thought
Procedural and semantic memories often work together
Located in the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum (NO HIPPOCAMPUS)
Proactive interference
Works forward in time
When past memories inhibit an individual to retain new memories
Retroactive interference
Works backward in time
When newly learned information inhibits an individual to recall previously learned information
