Memory Models

Question 1

Multi store model: in sensory memory what may happen to the information?

Answer 1

Information may be loss due to decay

Question 2

Multi store model: why might retrieval fail from LTM?

Answer 2

1. Decay

2. Retrieval failure

Question 3

Strengths of Multi store model?

Answer 3

1. Shows LTM and STM are separate. This supports case studies (Milner 1965) of people with brain damage who can still remember parts of the two

Question 4

What’s the model Atkinson and Shriffrin (1968) called

Answer 4

Multi store memory model

Question 5

Explain Milner study in 1965

Answer 5

Milner studied a man who was referred as H.M. Who had severe memory impairment after surgery. He was able to retain LTM and could talk normally but couldn’t remember anything short term. When told about his uncle had died he would never remember and would act with grievance. This shows distinction between LTM and STM

Question 6

Weaknesses of multi-storey model

Answer 6

1. Fails to take into account it’s easier to remember other information e.g it may be more interesting and funny
   Strategies like these are easily remembered

Question 6

Name another weakness of the multi store memory model

Answer 6

The model says the only way to transfer memory from STM into LTM is by rehearsal But as we know people don’t rehearse everything(e.g last weeks football results)

Question 7

Baddeley and Hitch (1974) came up with a memory model called

Answer 7

The working memory model

Question 8

Name the 4 sections of the working memory model

Answer 8

Central executive =
visual spatial scratch pad
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop

Question 9

What does the central executive do?

Answer 9

1. Leader of the model
2. Delegates the data to other subsystems to deal with
3. Can deal with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving

Question 10

What does the visual spatial sketch pad do?

Answer 10

1. Known as the inner eye

2. Stores all visual data

Question 11

What does the phonological loop do?

Answer 11

1. Deals with spoken and written material
   E.g. Used to remember phone number
2. Split into two parts( see another card)

Question 12

Name the two parts and what they do of the phonological loop

Answer 12

1. Phonological store- can be known as the inner ear. Holds information in speech based form for 1-2 seconds
2. Articulatory control process- can be known as the inner voice. Used to rehearse and store verbal information from the inner ear.

Question 13

Baddeley added the episodic buffer in 2000. What does it do?

Answer 13

1. Limited capacity
2. capable of integrating information from other sources and episodes
3. Integrates things from LTM and working memory (elephant and ice hockey)

Question 14

Strengths of working model?

Answer 14

Multi-store model is basic and doesn’t adapt to different ways information is stored. Working model explains the range of tasks and how they are felt with in STM

Question 15

Name the evidence supporting the phonological loop

Answer 15

Baddeley(1975) - no rehearsal but could still remember recall some words. Therefore shows the phonological loop was the reason for the words being recalled

Question 16

Name the evidence supporting the use of the Visio sketch pad

Answer 16

Baddeley et al. (1973) - had to classify angles(verbal task) with the letter F(imaginary task) and follow light with pointer(tracking task). P’s found it hard to do imaginary but could do the other two. This suggests the tracking and imaginary were both competing for limited resource in Visuo spatial sketch pad.

Question 17

Weakness of the working memory model

Answer 17

The main component is the one we know the least about (central executive). We say it has limited capacity but no one can quantify it when experimented