Memory: nature

Question 1

Duration

Answer 1

How long memory lasts

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

How memory is processed

Question 3

Capacity

Answer 3

How much memory

Question 4

STM duration + study (inc. AO2 criticisms)

Answer 4

18 seconds
Peterson and Peterson - trigram, number, counting, trigram recall (after varied amounts of time counting)
Recall more accurate after shorter time
18 seconds maximum duration of STM
AO2: 1. participants may have guessed the aim and knew of later recall 2. Nairne et al suggested STM duration longer if material not replaced

Question 5

LTM duration + study

Answer 5

Up to a lifetime

Bahrick et al yearbook study, recall even after 48 years

Question 6

STM capacity + study (inc. AO2 criticisms)

Answer 6

7 chunks
Jacobs digit span technique study, average digit span 9 and letter span 7
Miller reviewed research and concluded 7 +/- 2
AO2: Cowan reviewed studies and said it’s likely to be limited to 4
Not the same for everyone - differs with age?

Question 7

LTM capacity

Answer 7

potentially unlimited

Question 8

STM encoding

Answer 8

Acoustically

Question 9

LTM encoding

Answer 9

Semantically

Question 10

Encoding study + criticisms

Answer 10

Baddeley acoustically/semantically similar/dissimilar words
AO2: Research suggests visual could also be used in both, Brandimote et al found Ps used visual encoding on visual tasks when prevented from verbal rehearsal (STM), Frost showed recall related to visual not just semantic (LTM),