Memory - Studies

Question 1

Baddeley and Hitch

Answer 1

Working Memory
- made the model

Question 2

KF (Working memory evaluation)

Answer 2

• brain damage
• only p.l. was affected

Question 3

Hitch and Baddeley (Working memory evaluation)

Answer 3

• dual tasking

Question 4

EVR (Working memory evaluation)

Answer 4

• brain damage
• c.e. is too vague

Question 5

Jacobs

Answer 5

STM & LTM
- capacity of STM
- 7 plus or minus 2 (5-9)

Question 6

Peterson and Peterson

Answer 6

STM & LTM
- duration of STM
- trigrams

Question 7

Bahrick

Answer 7

STM & LTM
- duration of LTM
- yearbooks

Question 8

Baddeley

Answer 8

STM & LTM
- coding of STM and LTM
- word lists (either semantic or visually similar)

Question 9

Beardsley (STM & LTM evaluation)

Answer 9

• stm using prefrontal cortex

Question 10

Squire (STM & LTM evaluation)

Answer 10

• Ltm uses hippocampus

Question 11

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Answer 11

MSM
- made the model

Question 12

HM (MSM evaluation)

Answer 12

• brain damage
• STM was fine; LTM was not

Question 13

KF (MSM evaluation)

Answer 13

• brain damage
• LTM was fine, STM was not

Question 14

Craik & Tulving (MSM evaluation)

Answer 14

• maintenance rehearsal

Question 15

HM (LTM types evaluation)

Answer 15

• brain damage
• couldn’t make new episodic or semantic memories

Question 16

Hodges and Patterson (LTM types evaluation)

Answer 16

• found brain damage patients who could form episodic but not semantic memories

Question 17

Irish (LTM types evaluation)

Answer 17

• found brain damage patients who could form semantic memories but not episodic ones

Question 18

Muller

Answer 18

Interference
- paintings

Question 19

Underwood

Answer 19

Interference
- meta analysis

Question 20

McGeoch and McDonald

Answer 20

Interference
- word lists

Question 21

Baddeley and Hitch (interference evaluation)

Answer 21

• rugby players

Question 22

Danaher (interference evaluation)

Answer 22

• advertisements

Question 23

Tulving and Psotka (interference evaluation)

Answer 23

• word lists

Question 24

Anderson (interference evaluation)

Answer 24

• interference is not the only explanation for forgetting

Question 25

Kane and Engle (interference evaluation)

Answer 25

- individual differences

Question 26

Abernathy

Answer 26

Retrieval failure - classroom - contextual cues

Question 27

Godden and Baddeley

Answer 27

Retrieval failure - scuba divers - contextual cues

Question 28

Goodwin

Answer 28

Retrieval failure - drunk people - state based cues

Question 29

Tulving and Psotka (retrieval failure evaluation)

Answer 29

- word lists

Question 30

Loftus and palmer

Answer 30

EWT - misleading info - car accident - ‘contacted vs. smashed’

Question 31

Braun (misleading info evaluation)

Answer 31

- bugs bunny

Question 32

Yuille and Cutshall (misleading info evaluation)

Answer 32

- bank robbery

Question 33

Poole and Lindsay (misleading info evaluation)

Answer 33

- primary school kids

Question 34

Gabbert (misleading info evaluation)

Answer 34

- post event discussion

Question 35

Christiansen and Hubibette

Answer 35

EWT - anxiety - victims vs. bystanders of a bank robbery - anxiety improving EWT

Question 36

Johnson and Scott

Answer 36

EWT - anxiety - weapon focus effect - knife vs. pen - anxiety reducing EWT

Question 37

Deffenbacher (anxiety evaluation)

Answer 37

- Christianson and Hubinette’s study had the best anxiety levels for EWT

Question 38

Fazey and Hardy (anxiety evaluation)

Answer 38

- anxiety doesn’t lead to a gradual decline in performance - ‘the catastrophe’ effect

Question 39

Bothwell (anxiety evaluation)

Answer 39

- individual differences

Question 40

Geiselman

Answer 40

Cognitive Interview Technique - devised it

Question 41

Kohnken (C.I.T evaluation)

Answer 41

- gains more correct info - but also gains more irrelevant info

Question 42

Milnet bull (C.I.T evaluation)

Answer 42

- only need 2 of the 4 techniques

Question 43

Kebbell and Wagataff (C.I.T evaluation)

Answer 43

- observed police use only 2 of the techniques

Question 44

Geiselman (C.I.T evaluation)

Answer 44

- individual differences