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Memory Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is memory?

A

Ability to retain info. over time.

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2
Q

Is memory subject to personal perception?

A

Yes.

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3
Q

Encoding Definition

A

Making mental representations of info.

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4
Q

Storing Definition

A

Placing encoded info. into memory for later recall

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5
Q

Retrieving Definition

A

Recalling info. that has been stored

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6
Q

Sensory Memory Definition

A

Receives and holds environmental information for a brief amount of time

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7
Q

Short-Term Memory is also called…?

A

Working Memory

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8
Q

Short-Term Memory Definition

A

Holds a limited amount of info. for a short period of time

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9
Q

How long does short-term memory usually last?

A

7 +/- 2 seconds

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10
Q

Long-Term Memory Definition

A

Stores almost unlimited amounts of info. for long periods of time

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11
Q

Sensory Memory Definition

A

Holds all sensory stimuli we encounter for a fraction of a second

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12
Q

What memory holds sense of sight?

A

Iconic Memory

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13
Q

What memory holds sense of hearing (audition)?

A

Echoic Memory

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14
Q

What memory holds sense of touch?

A

Haptic Memory

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15
Q

Which memory holds sense of taste?

A

Gustic Memory

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16
Q

What memory holds sense of smell?

A

Olfastic Memory

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17
Q

Three functions of sensory memory?

A
  1. Prevents being overwhelmed
  2. Decision time
  3. Provide stability, playback, and recognition
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18
Q

Selective Attention Definition

A

Act of focusing on a certain object for a period of time, while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant info. that is also occurring

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19
Q

When you’re name is called in another conversation, while your simultaneously having one yourself…

A

Cocktail Party Phenomenon

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20
Q

Chunking helps which type of memory?

A

Short-Term Memory

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21
Q

When you remember the first or last items better than the middle on a list…

A

Primacy-Regency Effect

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22
Q

When you remember something unique more than something regular…

A

Von Restorff Effect

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23
Q

What are the two types of Long-Term Memory?

A
  1. Explicit/Declarative Memory
  2. Implicit/Procedural/Nondeclarative Memory
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24
Q

What is another name for Explicit Memory?

A

Declarative Memory

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25
Explicit Memory Definition
Memories for facts or events
26
Is Explicit Memory conscious or unconscious?
Conscious
27
What are the two subcategories for Explicit Memory?
1. Episodic Memory 2. Semantic Memory
28
Episodic Memory Definition
Knowledge of events, personal experiences, activities, etc.
29
Semantic Memory Definition
Knowledge of facts, concepts, definitions, etc.
30
Implicit Memory Definition
Memories for motor skills, cognitive skills, and some emotional behaviors
31
Is Implicit Memory conscious or unconscious?
Unconscious
32
Does Episodic Memory require effort to remember?
No, it's personal.
33
Does Semantic Memory require effort to remember?
Yes.
34
What half of the brain controls the verbal aspects of life?
Left
35
What half of the brain controls the visual aspects of life?
Right
36
Frontal Lobe Job
Will determine where the info. will be stored
37
Amygdala Job
Responsible for triggering certain emotion responses to events that we experience The "emotional sensor"
38
Hippocampus Job
Determines if info. is going to be stored or not The "Save Button"
39
Parts of the brain used for Explicit Memory...
1. Frontal Lobe 2. Cerebellum 3. Amygdala 4. Hippocampus
40
Parts of the brain used for Implicit Memory...
1. Cerebellum 2. Basal Ganglia
41
What part of the brain affects motor skills and movement?
Basal Ganglia
42
Flash-Bulb Memory Definition
Vivid, precise, concrete, long-lasting memories of a personal circumstance surrounding a person's discovery of shocking events (doesn't need to be negative events).
43
Photographic Memory
An adult's ability to remember everything they see
44
Eidetic Memory
A child's ability to remember everything they see
45
State-Dependent Memory (Mood Congruent) Definition
Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood
46
Context-Dependent Memory
Retrieval is more likely if a person is in the same place or situation where or when info. was encoded
47
Priming Definition
Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval from an earlier experience
48
Does Recall require help?
No, you are doing it on your own, without influence.
49
Does Recognition require help?
Yes. If you see something you recognize, it's much easier to remember things about it.
50
In what way or nodes organizaed?
In a hierarchy types position; list
51
Network Theory Definition
Storing related info. in separate files called nodes; create links between nodes with related info.
52
Nodes Definition
Memory files that contain related info. organized around a specific topic
53
Network Hierarchy Definition
Nodes are arrange in an "outline" format
54
Neural Assembly Definition
Interconnected neurons which are activated to hold info. briefly
55
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Definition
After repeated stimulation the structure of the neurons change
56
Decay Theory Definition
Without repetition/rehearsal, material is quickly forgotten
57
What are the two types of interference?
1. Retroactive Interference 2. Proactive Interference
58
Retroactive Interference Definition
You remember better what you learned recently than what you did a long time ago
59
Proactive Interference
New info. is blocked out by your recall of old info.
60
What are the two encoding types?
1. Automatic Encoding 2. Effortful Encoding
61
Automatic Encoding happens with or without effort?
Without
62
Effortful Encoding happens with or without effort?
With
63
Repression Definitions
When we choose to forget a memory
64
Synesthesia Definition
Connect sensory experiences like connected color and hearing, seeing sounds, taste with colors, etc.
65
What are some biological factors of memory?
Dementia Alzheimer's Disease Amnesia Anterograde or Retrograde Hyperthymestic Syndrome Synesthesia
66
Hyperthymestic Syndrome Definition
Enhanced memory; you can remember every sight, sounds, taste, action, etc. about everything

Psychology (7 decks)

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