Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phar 508 > Men's Health > Flashcards

Men's Health Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs in hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal-Axis

A

The hypothalmus releases GnRH -> GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormone stimulates tesosterone, spermatogenesis

A

Lutenizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone, to what

A

5-alpha reductase, dihydrotestosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary causes of primary hypogonadism

A

Testes/ low serum testosterone, impaired spermatogenesis, increased gonadotropin concentrations (LH/FSH high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the primary causes of secondary hypogonadism

A

hypothalmus or pituitary gland/ low serum testosterone, reduced spermatogenesis, low or inappropriately normal concentrations of gonadotropins (LH/FSH low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are non specific hypogonadism

A

Fatigue, depression, decreased libido, decreased energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the consequences of having hypogonadism before pubery

A

micropenis, high pitched voice, small prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a low total testosterone to diagnose hypogonadism, what is a low free testosterone to diagnose hypogonadism

A

Less than 300 ng/dL, less than 64 pg/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How dose total testosterone bind in the body

A

38% to albumin, 60% to sex hormone binding globulin, 0.5-2% circulate in free form (Tfree)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: As a patient gets older there is an increase in sex hormone binding globulin and less testosterone is produced

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are IM injections for testosterone and when do they occur

A

Testosterone enanthate, every 2-4 weeks/ testosterone cypionate, every 2-4 weeks, testosterone undecanoate, 750 mg inititially at week 4, then every 10 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the testosterone product that can be injected SQ, how often

A

Testosterone propionate pellet every 3-6 months (new insert site must be used each time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the testosterone product that can be taken orally, counseling points for absorption

A

Testosterone undecanoate: 3-4 capsule a day for 2-3, may decrease 1-3/ Taken with a high fat meal due route of absorption being the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How often is buccal testosterone used a day

A

Twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the transdermal testosterone gels

A

Androgel 1%, Androgel 1.62%, Fortesta, Testim, Vogelxo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where and when are the testosterone gels applied

A

Shoulders and upper arms, mornings (mimic circadian profile)

17
Q

What is the testosterone patch, where can it be applied, when, most common AE

A

Androderm/ upper arm, back, or thigh/ nightly (released during the day)/ Skin irritation

18
Q

What is the transdermal solution that is applied to the armpit, when is it applied

A

Axiron, in the morning

19
Q

T/F: Non male patients who come into contact with these testosterone products will have no effects

A

False: Patients affected could have increases in dihydrotestsosterone so washing the hands is IMPERATIVE BEFORE AND AFTER

20
Q

What patients have contraindications to testosterone treatment

A

Prostatic cancer or nodules, unsually high prostate antigens, breast cancer, increase in hematocrit by 50%, BPH, IPSS score greater than 19, heart failure, untreated or severe sleep apnea

21
Q

T/F: TRT increases risk of heart disease but it could also be due to age of the patient

A

True

22
Q

How does TRT effect prostate disease

A

Significant reduced risk in prostate cancer BUT if prostate cancer is diagnosed it the risk is higher it will be more severe

23
Q

How should the prostate be monitored if using

TRT, when should urological consulation be sought

A

Every 3 months/ verified PSA greater than 4ng/mL, increase in PSA greater than 1.4ng/ml within any 12 month period of treatment, PSA velocity greater than 0.4ng/ml/year, detection of prostatic abnormality

24
Q

What are the four categories of erectile dysfunction

A

Psychological, horomonal, neurological, vascular

25
Q

What are the class of drugs most commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction, what are they, when should they be taken

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEI)/ Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil, Avanafil/ one hour before sex

26
Q

T/F: PDEIs heighten arousal, stimulation, and libido

A

False: PDEIs DO NOT heighten arousal, stimulation, or libido

27
Q

Which PDEI lasts the longest, which can be taken as early as 15 mins

A

Tadalafil, Avanafil

28
Q

What drug-drug interaction needs to be avoided when using PDEI

A

Nitrates

29
Q

What are the local treatments of ED, what is the mechanism of action

A

Intra-cavernosal injection (Caverject), Intra-utethral suppository (Alprostadil)/ smooth muscle vasodilator

30
Q

What is the natural product used to get an erection

A

Yohimbine

31
Q

How does the vacuum constriction device work, how long is the erection, contraindications

A

Penis placed in tube, air evacuated from tube, blood trapped in penis with ring/ sickle cell patients and use of anticoagulation

32
Q

What is the last resort for an erection

A

Penile implant

33
Q

T/F: BPH happens to all men sometime naturally

A

True

34
Q

What are the possible scores for IPSS what do they mean

A

1-7 mild, 8-19 moderate, 20-35 severe

35
Q

What is the MOA of medications that treat BPH

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic blckers: antagonize the smooth mucscle of the prostate and bladder neck

36
Q

What are the non-selective alpha blockers for BPH

A

Doxazosin and Terazosin (dossed at night due to orthostatic hypotension), Alfuzosin

37
Q

What are the selective alpha-1 blocking agents for BPH

A

Tamsulosin and Siodosin

38
Q

What are the adverse effects of alpha blockers

A

hypotension, orthostasis, dizziness

39
Q

What are the 5-alpha reductase inhibiotors, what is the biggest benefit

A

Finasteride, Dutasteride/ reduction in prostate size and increase in urinary peak flow

Phar 508 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions