Mendel and Genetics

Question 1

flower

Answer 1

reproductive organ in most plants

Question 2

petal

Answer 2

brightly colored, fragrant flower parts that are used to attract pollinators

Question 3

sepal

Answer 3

leaf-like structure at the bottom of the petals of a flower that supports and strengthens the petals

Question 4

pistil

Answer 4

female reproductive structure in flowers

Question 5

stigma

Answer 5

sticky top of the pistil

Question 6

style

Answer 6

slender neck of the pistil

Question 7

ovary

Answer 7

bulb-like base of the pistil

Question 8

ovule

Answer 8

part of the ovary that contains an egg cell

Question 9

stamen

Answer 9

male reproductive structure in flowers

Question 10

anther

Answer 10

top of the stamen where pollen cells are made

Question 11

filament

Answer 11

stalk-like part of the stamen

Question 12

pollen grain

Answer 12

male gamete in plants

Question 13

pollination

Answer 13

the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Question 14

self pollination

Answer 14

the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower

Question 15

cross pollination

Answer 15

the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a different flower

Question 16

pollen tube

Answer 16

grows and carries pollen from the stigma to the ovule after pollen lands on the pistil of a flower

Question 17

**fertilization

Answer 17

the joining of pollen and egg

Question 18

trait

Answer 18

the physical characteristics of an organism

Question 19

hereditary

Answer 19

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 20

genetics

Answer 20

the scientific study of heredity

Question 21

**fertilization

Answer 21

the joining of sperm and egg to produce a new organism

Question 22

purebred

Answer 22

an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent

Question 23

selection

Answer 23

organisms are chosen for breeding

Question 24

filial-

Answer 24

LATIN-means “son” or “daughter”

Question 25

gene

Answer 25

a piece of DNA on a chromosome that affects a specific trait

Question 26

alleles

Answer 26

the different forms of a gene

Question 27

dominant

Answer 27

an allele whose trait always shows up in an organism

Question 28

recessive

Answer 28

an allele whose trait only shows up when two of the alleles are present and is masked when paired with a dominant allele

Question 29

hybrid

Answer 29

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

deoxyribonucleic acid | the molecule that holds genetic information

Question 31

homozygous

Answer 31

"pure" having two identical alleles at a given location

Question 32

heterozygous

Answer 32

"hybrid" having two different alleles at a given location

Question 33

probability

Answer 33

the likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 34

Punnett square

Answer 34

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Question 35

genotype

Answer 35

an organism's genetic makeup or the actual alleles present

Question 36

phenotype

Answer 36

an organism's physical appearance or visible traits

Question 37

co-dominance

Answer 37

when two different alleles exist, but neither are dominant nor recessive. Both alleles are expressed in the offspring

Question 38

mixed dominance or blending

Answer 38

when two different alleles exist, but neither are dominant nor recessive. The traits mix and are expressed as a third trait

Question 39

multiple alleles

Answer 39

a gene pair for a single trait that has three or more forms of the gene

Question 40

X-chromosome

Answer 40

female sex chromosome. Females have two X-chormosomes

Question 41

Y-chromosome

Answer 41

male sex chromosome. Males have one Y-chromosome and one X-chromosome

Question 42

carrier

Answer 42

an organism that has a recessive gene for a trait but does not exhibit the trait because of a dominant gene that hides it

Question 43

sex-linked gene

Answer 43

genes that are carried on the X-chromosome

Question 44

pedigree

Answer 44

a tool that geneticists use to trace the inheritance of traits in huans or other organisms

Question 45

genetic disorder

Answer 45

an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes and is present at conception

Question 46

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 46

a genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus that fills the lungs making it hard for the infected person to breathe

Question 47

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 47

a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells causing them to take on an irregular shape during periods when the oxygen level is low

Question 48

Hemophilia

Answer 48

a sex-linked disorder in which a person's blood clots very slowly or not at all

Question 49

Down Syndrome

Answer 49

a genetic disorder caused when the 21st pair of chromosomes does not separate normally during meiosis causing the offspring to have 47 chromosomes.

Question 50

sex-linked disorder

Answer 50

conditions and disease that are caused by genes on the x chromosome