Mendel's Laws and Monohybrid Crosses

Question 1

Test cross

Answer 1

a cross done to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype; the individual with the unknown genotype is mated with a homozygous recessive individual– if any offspring have the recessive phenotype, the unknown is a heterozygote

Question 2

Sickle cell anemia (SCA)

Answer 2

an autosomal recessive disease that causes sickle-shaped red blood cells to form, which get caught in blood vessels, stopping blood flow to tissues

Question 3

Autosomal

Answer 3

refers to a trait that is due to a gene on one of the first 22 pairs of chromosomes– not the sex chromosomes; autosomal traits occur equally in males and females

Question 4

Monohybrid cross

Answer 4

a cross of two individuals, each of which is heterozygous for one trait (e.g. Tt x Tt = always produces a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio and 3 dominant to 1 recessive phenotypic ratio)