mendelian genetics

Question 1

gregor mendel

Answer 1

father of genetics

Question 2

mendel documented inheritance in

Answer 2

pea plants

Question 3

how did mendel bred pea plants

Answer 3

-cross-pollinated the true breeding parents
-raised seed and then observed traits (F1)
-allowed offspring to self-pollinate and observed the next generation (f2)

Question 4

true breeding parents (P)

Answer 4

or pure breeding

Question 5

p=

Answer 5

parental

Question 6

F1

Answer 6

kids

Question 7

F2

Answer 7

grandkids

Question 8

self polinated

Answer 8

when plants use pollen to pollinate themselves to reproduce

Question 9

f=

Answer 9

filial (kids)

Question 10

heterozygous and homozygous are

Answer 10

genotypes

Question 11

alleles

Answer 11

traits that come i alternative forms (diff version of genes)

Question 12

locus

Answer 12

location

Question 13

diffrent alleles vary in the sequence of

Answer 13

nucleotides at a specific locus of a gene

Question 14

Purple-flower alelle and white flower allele aer

Answer 14

2 DNA variations of flower-color locus

Question 15

dominant allele

Answer 15

-functional protein
-masks other alleles

its the trait that shows up

Question 16

recessive allele

Answer 16

-allele makes a malfunctioning protein

the trait that does’nt show up

Question 17

homozygous

Answer 17

same alleles (pp,PP)

Question 18

heterozygous

Answer 18

different alleles (Pp)

Question 19

genotypes vs. phenotypes

Answer 19

difference between how an organism “looks” and its genetics

Question 20

phenotype

Answer 20

description of an organism’s trait the “physical”

Question 21

genotype

Answer 21

description of an organism’s genetic makeup

Question 22

mendel’s first law of heredity

Answer 22

law of segregation

Question 23

law of segregation

Answer 23

-during meiosis,alleles segregate
-homologous chromosomes seperate

Question 24

each allele for a trait is packaged

Answer 24

into a separate gamete

Question 25

Law of segregation

Answer 25

during meiosis, alleles segregate homologous chromosomes separate

Question 26

Which stage of meiosis creates the law of segregation?

Answer 26

Anaphase 1

Question 27

Monohybrid cross

Answer 27

monohybrid cross. a breeding experiment in which the parents differ in only one genetically determined trait. Some of Mendel’s experiments followed the inheritance of single characters -flower color -seed color

Question 28

Can represent alleles as

Answer 28

letters

Question 29

flower color alleles

Answer 29

P or p

Question 30

true-breeding purple-flower peas

Answer 30

PP

Question 31

true-breeding white-flower peas

Answer 31

pp

Question 32

PP x pp

Answer 32

Pp

Question 33

phenotype vs. genotype

Answer 33

2 organisms can have the same phenotype but have different genotype

Question 34

how do you determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype

Answer 34

test cross

Question 35

test cross

Answer 35

breed the dominant phenotype (the unknown genotype) with a homozygous recessive to determine the identity of the unknown allele

Question 36

how would you determine the genotype from a test cross

Answer 36

make a punnet cross if you get a 100% of the predicted phenotype then its homozygous if its 50-50 then its most likely heterozygous

Question 37

dihybrid cross

Answer 37

inheritance of 2 different characters ex seed color and seed shape what is used is a dihybrid cross

Question 38

mendel's 2nd law of heredity

Answer 38

law of independent assortment`

Question 39

law of independent assortment

Answer 39

different loci ( genes) separate into gametes independently

Question 40

rules to the law of independent assortment`

Answer 40

-non-homologous chromosomes align independently -only true for genes on separate chromosomes or on same chromosome but so far apart that crossing over happens frequently

Question 41

Which stage of meiosis creates the law of independent assortment?

Answer 41

metaphase 1