Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 1

The parent individuals varied from each other in only one traits

Question 2

Dominant

Answer 2

Traits that prevailed

Question 3

Recessive

Answer 3

Traits that disappeared

Question 4

Name of Mendel’s First Law of Inheritance

Answer 4

The Law of Segragation

Question 5

The Law of Segregation

Answer 5

Various expressions of a trait were controlled by discrete units

Question 6

What process explains the Law of Segregation

Answer 6

Meiosis

Question 7

___ and ____ maintain variation that Natural Selection can act upon

Answer 7

Masked variation and law of Segregation

Question 8

What does it mean for a trait to be masked?

Answer 8

It could not be expressed

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Observable physical feature of an organism

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Genetic makeup of an individual

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Individuals with 2 copies of the same allele

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Individuals with 2 different alleles for a gene

Question 13

The recessive allele in a heterozygous individual will be:

Answer 13

masked

Question 14

Punnett Square Diagram

Answer 14

Used to represent the different ways that alleles can be combined during any specific cross

Question 15

Punnett squares can be used to predict the:

Answer 15

proportion of genotypes

Question 16

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 16

A cross between individuals who differ with respect to 2 gene pairs

ex: cross between hair color and eye color

Question 17

In a Dihybrid cross:

Each characteristic (trait) must segregate ____

Answer 17

independently

Question 18

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 18

The expressions and segregation of one trait is not influenced by the expression of the other trait

Question 19

Recombination

Answer 19

The alleles that code for diffferent traits assort ***

Question 20

Linkage

Answer 20

When alleles are on the same chromosome and so are inherited together

Question 21

Mendelian Traits

Answer 21

Traits influenced by a single genetic locus and follow a simple pattern of inheritance

Question 22

Co-dominance

Answer 22

When different alleles occur in heterozygous condition and the product of BOTH alleles are expressed

Ex: Red and yellow spots on a flower

Question 23

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 23

When a heterozygote has. aphenotype which is intermediate to those of homozygous parents

Ex: Red and white dlower make a pink flower

Question 24

Pedigrees

(mating charts)

Answer 24

An indirect approach used to demonstrate patterns of inheritance

Question 25

Pedigrees help determine if a trait is ____

Answer 25

Mendelian

Question 26

Autosomal dominant traits

Answer 26

Traits equally present in males and females that are located on non-sex chromosomes

Question 27

Autosomal recessive traits

Answer 27

Traits that skip a generation that create carriers | also located on non-sex chromosomes and equally present in both males an

Question 28

X-linked dominant traits

Answer 28

Dominant traits that are located on female sex chromosome | Females affected twice as often as males

Question 29

X-linked recessive traits

Answer 29

Recessive traits that are located on the female sex chromosome | males affected more than females

Question 30

Y-linked Traits

Answer 30

Located on male sex chromosome | Located ONLY in males

Question 31

Sex-linked traits are found on:

Answer 31

sex chromosomes | almost all are found on the X chromosome

Question 32

Patriline

Answer 32

Tracing male parenage via the Y-chromosome

Question 33

Pleiotropic Effect

Answer 33

A single gene having multiple effects

Question 34

Polygenic Traits

Answer 34

Multiple genes producing one single effect

Question 35

Quantitative Inheritance

Answer 35

Distribution fllows a normal, bell-shaped curve, and most people have phenotypes between the extremese

Question 36

Regression to the mean

Answer 36

Most offspring individuals at the extremes of a polygenic distribution are less extreme than their parents

Question 37

Heritability

Answer 37

A measure of the proportion of the total observed variation that can be attrivuted to genetics rather than environment

Question 38

The 3 Types of Selection of Continuous Characters

Answer 38

1. Stabilizing 2. Directional 3. Disruptive

Question 39

Stabilizing Characteristics

Answer 39

Selects against the extremes

Question 40

Directional Characteristics

Answer 40

Selects against ONE extreme

Question 41

Disruptive Characteristics

Answer 41

Selects against the mean (for both extremes)