Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is “heredity”
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
Who is Gregory Mendel?
A scientist who is the pioneer of genetics and observed heredity in pea plants
What are Mendels 2 laws
Law or segregation and law of independent assortment
What is the law of segregation ?
The law that states that a pair of separate genes are needed for each trait (2 alleles are needed for 1 trait)
What is the law of independent assortment
The law that states that genes for different characteristics are distributed to Gametes differently, and that all possible combinations of genes can occur in Gametes
Biological traits are controlled by genes located where
On the chromosomes
Each gamete carries how many alleles
One
What is a mono, hybrid cross?
A single combination of alleles
What is a genotype?
Genotype is the genetic types, a.k.a. what chromosomes an individual carries
What is a phenotype?
The physical way that an allele or trait gets expressed.
What is complete dominance
When a trait has a recessive or a dominant trait, and there is 2 phenotypes that result from it
What is incomplete dominance?
When the recessive allele shows through in the presence of a dominant allele (3rd phenotype is made)
What is codominance?
When neither allele is recessive, so if you inherit the allele, you will express it.
What is codominance?
When neither allele is recessive, so if you inherit the allele, you will express it.
What is an antigen
A protein marker on the outside of blood cells used by your immune system in order to identify which cells belong in, which don’t
What blood type is a universal recipient?
Type AB
What blood type is a universal donor
Type O
What is a dihybrid cross?
A way to track two genes at once
What are sex linked traits?
Traits found in the sex chromosomes
Who discovered sex chromosomes?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
What letters are assigned to female and male sex chromosomes?
XX for female and XY for male
How are sex chromosomes passed down
Female eggs, give an X chromosome and a sperm cell will give an X or a Y
What are autosomal traits?
Traits carried by auto chromosomes
Why do X chromosomes carry more traits?
Because X chromosomes are larger than Y chromosomes so they have more DNA and genes inside them
