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Head and Neck > Meningeal layers, dural folds, dural venous sinuses > Flashcards

Meningeal layers, dural folds, dural venous sinuses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Membranous layers that surround the brain

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2
Q

How many meninges are there?

A

Three

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3
Q

What are the meninges called? How are they arranged?

A

Dura - superficial

Arachnoid - middle

Pia - deep

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4
Q

How are the dura, arachnoid and pia meninges related to each other?

A

Are close to each other

small spaces in between

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5
Q

What are the small spaces between the meninges called?

A

Sub-dural space - between dura and arachnoid

Sub-arachnoid space - between arachnoid and pia

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6
Q

What are the sub-dural and sub-arachnoid spaces called potential spaces?

A

Because fluid can accumulate there

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7
Q

What fluids are most likely to accumulate in the sub-dural and sub-arachnoid spaces?

A

Blood

CSF

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8
Q

What type of tissue is the dura made out of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

How many layers does the dura have?

A

Two

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10
Q

What are the layers of the dura?

A

Periosteal layer

Meningeal layer

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11
Q

What is the periosteal layer of the dura?

A

Endosteum of inner surface of neurocranium

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12
Q

What is the meningeal layer of the dura?

A

Layer superficial to arachnoid

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13
Q

What layers of the meninges cannot be peeled off? Why?

A

Pia, equivalent to the visceral layer of a serous membrane

Periosteal layer of dura, forms part of the neurocranium bone layers

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14
Q

How do the periosteal layer and meningeal layer of the dura relate to each other?

A

Are close to each other

apart from at dural folds, dural venous sinuses

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15
Q

What are dural folds?

A

Double-folds of the meningeal layer of the dura

against the periosteal layer

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16
Q

What is the function of the dural folds?

A

Divide the brain into different sections

and hold those different sections in their places

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17
Q

What are the main dural folds?

A

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

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18
Q

Where is the falx cerebri located?

A

From front to back of brain

between the right and left hemispheres

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19
Q

What is the falx cerebri attached to anteriorly?

A

Crista galli

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20
Q

What is the falx cerebri attached to posteriorly?

A

Upper part of tentorium cerebelli

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21
Q

Where is the tentorium cerebelli located?

A

Beneath the right and left hemispheres of the brain

above the cerebellum

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22
Q

Is the tentorium cerebelli continuous?

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A

No

has a gap in the middle of it

23
Q

What is the purpose of the gap in the middle of the tentorium cerebelli?

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A

Allows the brainstem to pass through it

between the hemispheres of the brain and the spinal cord

24
Q

What do dural venous sinuses contain?

25
What are the dural venous sinuses in the falx cerebri?
Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus
26
What does the straight sinus do?
Joins together the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
27
Where do the superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus converge?
The confluence of sinuses
28
What are the dural venous sinuses of the tentorium cerebelli?
The transverse sinuses x2
29
What dural venous sinus arises from the confluence of sinuses?
The transverse sinuses x2
30
How do the transverse sinuses travel?
Laterally
31
What are the continuations of the transverse sinuses x2?
The sigmoid sinuses
32
What do the sigmoid sinuses continue as?
Part of the internal jugular vein
33
Where are the cavernous sinuses located?
Either side of sella turcica
34
What does the cavernous sinus drain into?
The superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
35
What are dural venous sinuses?
Space between the dural folds of the meningeal layer and periosteal layer of the dura
36
What does the superior petrosal sinus drain into?
Transverse sinus
37
What does the inferior petrosal sinus continue as?
Part of internal jugular vein
38
What can a fracture of the crista galli result in?
Tearing of falx cerebri damage to superior and inferior sagittal sinuses leakage of CSF, leakage of blood
40
What does the arachnoid layer look like?
Translucent
41
How closely does the arachnoid surround the brain?
Doesn't follow every sulci of brain
42
What does the sub-arachnoid space contain?
CSF Cerebral arteries, veins
43
What do the cerebral veins drain into?
Dural venous sinuses
44
How do the cerebral veins in the subarachnoid space drain into the dural venous spaces in the dura?
Bridging veins cross the subarachnoid space, arachnoid, subdural space and meningeal dura connect together the cerebral veins and the dural venous sinuses
45
What do the dural venous sinuses drain into?
Internal jugular vein
46
What effect does increased intracranial pressure have on the brain?
Herniation
47
What can cause an increase in intracranial pressure?
Intracranial haemorrhage Tumours
48
What effect does brain herniation have on the brain itself?
Brain gets compressed
49
How closely does the pia surround the brain?
Follows every sulci of the brain
50
Where does the superior petrosal sinus run in the cranial cavity?
Superior petrosal sinus runs above the ridge of the petrous bone
51
How are the cavernous sinuses on each side of the head related to each other?
Intercavernous sinus connects them together
52
What is located between the two cavernous sinuses on each side?
Pituitary gland
53
Where does the inferior petrosal sinus run in the cranial cavity?
Below the ridge of the petrus bone
54
How can the brain herniate?
Pushed against dural folds Pushed through foramen magnum

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