Meningitis

Question 1

Meningitis:

Causative organisms (7)

Answer 1

Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioids, viruses

Question 2

Meningitis: N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, viruses

MoT

Answer 2

droplet

Question 3

Meningitis: N. meningitidis

Virulence factors (3)

Answer 3

capsule, endotoxin, IgA protease

Question 4

Meningitis: N. meningitidis

Culture/ Dx (3)

Answer 4

gram stain of CSF, rapid antigenic tests, oxidase test

Question 5

Meningitis: N. meningitidis

Prevention (4)

Answer 5

conjugated vaccine, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, ceftriaxone

Question 6

Meningitis: N. meningitidis

Treatment

Answer 6

penicillin G

Question 7

Meningitis: N. meningitidis

Symptoms

Answer 7

petechiae, meningococcemia

Question 8

Meningitis: S. pneumoniae

Virulence factors (4)

Answer 8

capsule, induction of apoptosis, hemolysin, hydrogen peroxide

Question 9

Meningitis: S. pneumoniae

Culture/ Dx

Answer 9

gram stain of CSF

Question 10

Meningitis: S. pneumoniae

Prevention

Answer 10

Prevnar and Pneumovax

Question 11

Meningitis: S. pneumoniae

Treatment (3)

Answer 11

Penicillin G if sensitive; vancomycin + ceftriaxone

SERIOUS THREAT

Question 12

Meningitis: H. influenzae

Virulence factor

Answer 12

capsule

Question 13

Meningitis: H. influenzae

Culture/ Dx

Answer 13

culture on chocolate agar

Question 14

Meningitis: H. influenzae

Prevention (4)

Answer 14

Hib vaccine, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, ceftriaxone

Question 15

Meningitis: H. influenzae

Treatment

Answer 15

ceftriaxone

Question 16

Meningitis: L. monocytogenes

MoT

Answer 16

vehicle (food)

Question 17

Meningitis: L. monocytogenes

Virulence factor

Answer 17

intracellular growth

Question 18

Meningitis: L. monocytogenes

Culture/ Dx (2)

Answer 18

Cold enrichment, rapid methods

Question 19

Meningitis: L. monocytogenes

Prevention (2)

Answer 19

cooking food, avoiding unpasteurized dairy products

Question 20

Meningitis: C. neoformans

MoT

Answer 20

vehicle (air, dust)

Question 21

Meningitis: C. neoformans

Virulence factors (2)

Answer 21

capsule, melanin production

Question 22

Meningitis: C. neoformans

Culture/ Dx (4)

Answer 22

negative staining, biochemical tests, DNA probes, cryptococcal antigen test

Question 23

Meningitis: C. neoformans

Treatment (2)

Answer 23

amphotericin B, fluconazole

Question 24

Meningitis: Coccidioids

MoT

Answer 24

vehicle (air, dust, soil)

Question 25

Meningitis: Coccidioids Virulence factor

Answer 25

granuloma (spherule) formation

Question 26

Meningitis: Coccidioids Culture/ Dx (2)

Answer 26

identification of spherules, Sabouraud's agar

Question 27

Meningitis: Coccidioids Prevention

Answer 27

avoid airborne endospores

Question 28

Meningitis: Coccidioids Treatment

Answer 28

Amphotericin B, itraconazole

Question 29

Meningitis: Viruses Virulence factor

Answer 29

lytic infection of host cells

Question 30

Meningitis: Viruses Culture/ Dx (3)

Answer 30

absence of bacteria/fungi/protozoa, viral culture, antigen tests

Question 31

Meningitis: Viruses Epidemiological features (US)

Answer 31

4/5 meningitis cases

Question 32

Meningitis: Symptoms

Answer 32

photophobia, headache, painful/stiff neck, fever, increased WBCs in CSF