Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

What is the average age of menarche?

Answer 1

12-Nov

Question 2

What is the average age of menopasue?

Answer 2

51-52

Question 3

What is the average menses length?

Answer 3

4+/- 2 days

Question 4

What is the average amount of blood lost? How many tampons soaked does that equal?

Answer 4

10-35ml, 1-7

Question 5

Where is GnRH secreted from?

Answer 5

The hypothalamus

Question 6

Where are FSH and LH secreted from?

Answer 6

The pituitary

Question 7

What do theca cells secrete?

Answer 7

Androstenedione and testosterone

Question 8

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 8

Progesterone

Question 9

What does the binding of FSH to the granulose cells lead to?

Answer 9

Increased estradiol production

Question 10

What does estradiol stimulate on the theca and granulose cells?

Answer 10

The proliferation of LH receptors

Question 11

What does LH proliferation stimulate in the theca cells?

Answer 11

Production of androgens

Question 12

What triggers the LH surge?

Answer 12

The androgens lead to increased estradiol production which leads to rising estrogen levels which result in the LH surge

Question 13

What is phase I of the cycle?

Answer 13

Follicular

Question 14

When does the follicular phase begin and end?

Answer 14

With the onset of menses and the LH surge

Question 15

How long does the follicular stage last?

Answer 15

About 14 days

Question 16

Which hormones drives the follicular phase?

Answer 16

Estrogen

Question 17

What is happening physically in the follicular stage?

Answer 17

Ovulation and conversion of the follicle into the corpus luteum

Question 18

What is phase 2 of the cycle?

Answer 18

ovulation

Question 19

What days does phase 2 occurs?

Answer 19

The LH surge- days 11-13

Question 20

what is happening in phase 2?

Answer 20

Oocyte is expulsed from the follicle which turns into the corpus luteum and secretes progesterone to stimulate the endometrium

Question 21

What is phase 3 of the cycle?

Answer 21

Luteal phase

Question 22

What hormone dominates the luteal phase?

Answer 22

Progesterone

Question 23

How long does the luteal stage last?

Answer 23

Begins at LH surge and ends with menses onset- about 14 days

Question 24

What happens to your endocervical mucus in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 24

Estrogen: makes it think, clear and watery. Progesterone: thickens

Question 25

What affect does progesterone have on the breasts?

Answer 25

Makes then tender and full

Question 26

What affect does estrogen have on the vagina?

Answer 26

Lubrication, secretion, and epithelial growth and maturation

Question 27

What is the hypothalamic thermoregulation center responsible for during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 27

Progesterone increases basal body temp

Question 28

What are the somatic effects of PMS?

Answer 28

HA, bloating, mastodynia, pedal edema

Question 29

What are the affective symptoms of PMS?

Answer 29

Emotionally liability

Question 30

What is the criteria for diagnosing PMDD?

Answer 30

5/11 S/S and one must be a core symptom

Question 31

What are the core symptoms in PMDD?

Answer 31

Marked depression, marked anxiety, sudden tearfulness/sadness, increased interpersonal conflicts or persistent and marked anger or irritability

Question 32

What are the other symptoms in PMDD?

Answer 32

Anhedonia, concentration issues, fatigue, insomnia, sense of being overwhelmed, somatic complaints, marked interference with daily life and relationships, not an exacerbation of another disorder

Question 33

What is the gold standard of tx for PMDD?

Answer 33

SSRIs

Question 34

What is the treatment for PMS?

Answer 34

Education, lifestyle, NSAIDS