Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

Two sub layers of the endometrium

Answer 1

-basal layer and functional layer

Question 2

Where does fertilization typically occur in the fallopian tubes

Answer 2

distal end adjacent to the ampulla

Question 3

Components of cervix

Answer 3

• internal os
• cervical canal
• external os

Question 4

What is a follicle

Answer 4

basic functional unit of the ovary

Question 5

What is a dominant follicle called

Answer 5

Graafian follicle

Question 6

Menorrhagia

Answer 6

abnormally heavy bleeding at regular intervals

Question 7

Metrorrhagia

Answer 7

bleeding at irregular intervals

Question 8

Menometrorrhaggia

Answer 8

abnormally heavy bleeding at irregular intervals

Question 9

Polymenorrhead

Answer 9

<21 day cycle intervals

Question 10

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 10

> 35 cycle intervals

Question 11

Phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 11

1. follicular phase

2. luteal phase

Question 12

What phase of the uterine cycle does the follicular phase correspond with

Answer 12

proliferative

Question 13

What phase of the uterine cycle does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle correspond with

Answer 13

secretory phase

Question 14

How long does the luteal phase last if there is ovulation

Answer 14

14 days

Question 15

What are oocytes surrounded by

Answer 15

• granulosa cells

- theca cells

Question 16

What do theca cells contain? What do the produce?

Answer 16

LH receptors and they produce androgens

Question 17

What do granulosa cells contain? What do they produce?

Answer 17

FSH receptors adn produce estrogen

also converts androgens to estrogens

Question 18

What produces progesterone

Answer 18

corpus luteum

Question 19

What are the phases of the uterine cycle

Answer 19

1. proliferative phase
2. secretory phase
3. menstruation (or pregnancy)

Question 20

The hypothalamus produces ____ in response to ____

Answer 20

GnRH

low estradiol levels

Question 21

GnRH stimulates the ___ to produce ___

Answer 21

stimulates the anterior pituitaryto produce FSH and LH

Question 22

FSH and LH stimulate ___ to produce ___

Answer 22

stimulates the granulosa cells to produce estradiol, inhibin and activin

Question 23

LH stimulates ___ to produce ___

Answer 23

stimulates the theca cells to produce androgens

Question 24

What does activin do

Answer 24

enhances FSH synthesis

Question 25

What supresses FSH

Answer 25

rising estradiol from the growing follicle

Question 26

Elevated ___, ___ and ___ supress GnRH secretion

Answer 26

elevated progesterone, estrogen and testosterone

Question 27

What does inhibin do

Answer 27

acts on the pituitary to suppress the synthesis and release of FSH ONLY

Question 28

Elevated estradiol levels cause what

Answer 28

the anterior pituitary to release a large pulse of LH

Question 29

What does the surge of LH cause

Answer 29

final maturation of the egg and release from the follicle

Question 30

Most common cause of secondary amenorrhea

Answer 30

pregnancy

Question 31

What causes dysmenorrhea

Answer 31

excess production of endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha

Question 32

Signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea

Answer 32

- crampy lower abd/ pelvic pain - n/v/d - headache - fatigue - dizziness

Question 33

First line treatment of dysmenorrhea

Answer 33

NSAIDs (ibuprofen or naproxen)

Question 34

Second line treatment for dysmenorrhea

Answer 34

hormonal options

Question 35

When are hormones a 1st line treatment for dysmenorrhea

Answer 35

patients that are sexually active