Menstruation, fertilisation quiz

Question 1

female gonads

Answer 1

ovaries

Question 2

where are the ovaries located

Answer 2

slightly attached by ligaments to the uterus & the abdominal cavity

Question 3

function to secrete estrogen & progesterone. Is the site of the release of the mature egg/ovum

Answer 3

Ovaries

Question 4

provides a passageway for the delivery of baby & menstrual flow. Receives the penis & semen during sex. Acidic due to naturally occurring bacteria

Answer 4

Vagina

Question 5

a muscular opening to uterus that prevents fetus from entering birth canal prematurely. Seperates vagina from uterus. Pap smear involves taking sample cells from _.

Answer 5

cervix

Question 6

receives the embryo (implantation) and sustains life during development

Answer 6

uterus

Question 7

lining of uterus that provides nourishment for developing embryo. If pregnancy does not occur, it is shed monthly & forms flow phase

Answer 7

endometrium

Question 8

passage for egg from ovary to uterus. Lined with cilia to help move egg towards uterus. Fertilisation occurs here. Female sterilization (tubal ligation) involves cutting & typing off _.

Answer 8

Fallopian tubes/oviduct

Question 9

finger-like projectiles that cover the ends of fallopian tubes. Help direct ovum into oviducts

Answer 9

Fimbria

Question 10

process where female gametes are produced. occurs in ovaries in specilized cells called follicles

Answer 10

oogenesis

Question 11

contain two types of cells:primary oocyte(46 chromo.) and granulosa cells(similar to setoli cells) provide nutrients for developing oocytes.

Answer 11

follicles

Question 12

1._ goes through meiosis, producing two new cells. One of the new cells called 2._ & other cell called 3._

Answer 12

1. Primary oocyte
2. Secondary oocyte
3. Polar body

Question 13

occurs where the secondary oocyte is released from ovary

Answer 13

ovulation

Question 14

1._ waving draws the ovum into fallopian tube. Mieosis occurs again.Ovum moves down fallopian tube by 2.__ waving & by 3._

Answer 14

1. Fimbrea
2. Cilia
3. Peristalsis

Question 15

the follicles which surround the released egg remain in ovary & transform into __. (releases progesterone)

Answer 15

Corpus luteum

Question 16

if pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates & a scar is left on ovary called _

Answer 16

Corpus albicans

Question 17

immature ovum(egg)

Answer 17

zzocyte

Question 18

unfertilized ovum

Answer 18

ootid

Question 19

egg cell

Answer 19

ovum (plural ova)

Question 20

one secondary oocyte begins process of _ in fallopian tubes each month once puberty begins. _ will only be completed if egg is fertilized

Answer 20

Meiosis II

Question 21

means preparing uterus each month for possible implantation. Starts up at puberty when pituitary secretes FSH. Lasts until menopause

Answer 21

menstrual cycle

Question 22

shedding of the endomentrium. All hormone levels are low, pituitary secretes FSH which starts development of follicle in one ovary

Answer 22

Phase 1- Flow/Menstrual phase (days 1-5)

Question 23

Follicles are developing/swelling & releasing estrogen which causes endometrium to start building up again. Just prior to ovulation, the body temp takes a drop following a rise. as estrogen levels increase, negative feedback effect on secretion of fsh(decreases), positive effect on LH(increases)

Answer 23

Phase 2-Follicular phase (days 6-13)

Question 24

egg & a small amount of follicular fluid burst from ovary. Ovulation caused by surge in LH released by pituitary.

Answer 24

Phase 3- Ovulation (day 14)

Question 25

Remaining follicle transforms into corpus luteum which secretes estrogen & preogesterone. Proges. continues development of endometrium, inhibits further ovulation & inhibits uterine contractions. As proges. & estro. levels build up, they inhibit FSH & LH. without fsh, no further development of follicles. without lh, corpus luteum begin break down. Leads to decrease in estro. & proges. Once again, all hormone levels low & cycle repeats

Answer 25

Phase 4- Luteal phase (days 15-28)

Question 26

ovulation ceases, termination of female reproductive years. Fewer functioning follicles=drop in estro. proges. levels=endometrium does not thicken=menstrual cycle stops. Uterus & ovaries shrink, women become infertile.

Answer 26

Menopause

Question 27

between 4-6 hour after sex, the 1._ & 2._ will meet in fallopian tube to form a fertilized egg (3.__)

Answer 27

1. Ovum 2. sperm 3. Zygote

Question 28

The _ requires 3-5 days to travel from fallopian tue to uterus. through its journey, cleavage occurs

Answer 28

Zygote

Question 29

the zygote goes through mitosis going from 2 cells, 4 cells, 8 cells, etc. without increasing size

Answer 29

Cleavage

Question 30

4 days after fertilization the mass of cells is referred to as

Answer 30

Morula

Question 31

By the time zygote reaches uterus, it is a _ (hallow ball of cells)

Answer 31

Blastocyst

Question 32

8-9 days after ovulation, the blastocyst embeds in endometrium (pregnant), (outer cells of the blastocyst release enzymes that digest endometrium)

Answer 32

implantation

Question 33

an early stage of embryo development. A fluid filled structure that is made of outer sphere of cells which form extraembryonic structures, inner cell mass from which emryo develops

Answer 33

Blastocyst

Question 34

During second week of development, inner cell mass moves to middle of blastocyst & becomes a 3-layered disk(this is the embryo)

Answer 34

Gastrula

Question 35

the embryonic disk is supported by short stalk that connects to blastocyst with endometrium

Answer 35

this becomes umbilical cord

Question 36

the process of forming the three-layered disk

Answer 36

gastrulation

Question 37

(outer layer) skin, hair, nails, spinal cord, sense organs

Answer 37

Ectoderm

Question 38

(middle layer) bone, muscles, connective tissues, blood, circulatory & excretory systems.

Answer 38

Mesoderm (meso=muscle)

Question 39

(inner layer) digestive tract, lining of digestive tract & respiratory tract, liver, lungs, pancreas, thyroid

Answer 39

Endoderm

Question 40

increase in size

Answer 40

Growth

Question 41

differentiation of cells (series of events that form distinct structures with cells that do different jobs)

Answer 41

Morphogenesis

Question 42

there are a number of mebranes that are external to the disk that are forming called _

Answer 42

extra-embryonic membranes

Question 43

produces human chorionic gonadotropic hormone(hCG)-acts like LH to maintain corpus luteum for first trimester; Maintains progesterone, which helps stop contractions, help form placenta, pregnacy test identiy hCG i urine

Answer 43

Chorion

Question 44

Fluid-filled sac that surrounds the embryo & protects it from infection, dehydration, impacts & temperature change.

Answer 44

Amnion

Question 45

site of blood cell informatation

Answer 45

yolk sac

Question 46

site of blood cell information

Answer 46

yolk sac

Question 47

grows outward, umbilical cord. provides umbilical vessels for placenta

Answer 47

Allantois

Question 48

disc-shape mass of spongy tissue that is formed from maternal endometrium & the chorionic vili from chorion layer of fetus. Allow exchange of gases, waste, nutrients & antibodies. Not able to filter out harmful substances

Answer 48

placenta

Question 49

any substance that causes birth defects-drugs, alcohol, environmental chemical,x-rays, disease

Answer 49

Teratogen