Mental Health Flashcards

Question

What are the risk factors for OSA?

Answer 1

``` Obesity Male sex Increased collar size Craniofacial abnormalities Nasal congestion Hypothyroidism Acromegaly Respiratory depressant drugs including alcohol ```

Answer 2

When the brain loses its normal ability to regulate the sleep wake cycle Types 1 and 2 Loss of orexin secreting neurones which regulate sleep, wakefulness and appetite. Due to autoimmunity.

Answer 3

``` Excessive daytime sleepiness Disrupted nighttime sleep Vivid dreams Cataplexy - conscious collapse Dream like hallucinations when entering or emerging from ram sleep Sleep paralysis ```

Answer 4

``` Good sleep hygiene Scheduled naps CNS stimulants e.g. modafinil Antidepressants for cataplexy e.g. SSRIs Support ```

Answer 5

May involve brain iron deficiency and abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission Urge to move the legs

Answer 6

Urge to move legs, worse when sitting or lying still Involuntary jerks if legs still Abnormal sensations e.g. pins and needles or burning Symptoms relieved by movement or massaging Secondary insomnia and fatigue Look out for conjunctival pallor, angular cheilosis, koilonychia or atrophic glossitis due to iron deficiency

Answer 7

Generalised anxiety disorder, disproportionate pervasive uncontrollable and widespread worry

Answer 8

DSM-V - core symptoms of excessive widespread worry for more days than not, difficult to control and present for 6 months ICD-10 - present for most days for several months, with elements of apprehension, motor tension and autonomic overactivity.

Answer 9

``` Female sex Family history of psychiatric disorders Childhood adversity e.g. maltreatment, parental problems, exposure to overprotection, bullying Environmental stressors Substance abuse Chronic and/or painful illness ```

Answer 10

Serious disability, impaired quality of life Impaired social and occupational functioning Comorbidities Suicidal ideation and attempts

Answer 11

Over past 2 weeks been bothered by any of the following Feeling afraid, as if something awful might happen Becoming easily annoyed or irritable Being so restless, hard to sit still Trouble relaxing Worrying too much about different things Not being able to stop or control worrying Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge

Answer 12

``` Situational anxiety Adjustment disorder Depression Panic disorder Social phobia OCD PTSD Anorexia nervosa Substance and alcohol misuse/withdrawal Cardiac disease Hyperthyroidism Anaemia Infection Pulmonary disease IBS Phaeochromocytoma ```

Answer 13

``` Assess severity Ask about comorbidities Ask about environmental stressors Treat disease which is most severe first e.g. depression Substance misuse ``` Step 2 - not improved with interventions, off CBT: Individual non-facilitated self help, guided self help, or psychoeducational groups Step 3 - not improving with step 2 interventions Individual high intensity psychological intervention e.g. CBT or drug treatment e.g. SSRIs If pregnancy, a high intensity psychological intervention should be offered first Step 4 - refer for specialist treatment if at risk of self harm, self neglect, significant comorbidity e.g. substance misuse, suicide

Answer 14

``` Do they think about it Evet made plans, do you have the means Why have you not acted on these thoughts Identify previous attempts, feelings of hopelessness Male <30 years Single or living alone History of substance abuse Antidepressant treatment Psychosis Anxiety, agitation, panic attacks Severe depression ```

Answer 15

``` Autonomic arousal symptoms e.g. palpitations, sweating, shaking Difficulty breathing, choking feeling, chest pain, nausea Dizzy, faint, depersonalisation Feeling of losing control Fear of dying Hot flushes, cold chills Numbness, tingling Restlessness ```

Answer 16

Sexual dysfunction relating to loss of sexual desire or sexual drive

Answer 17

What do they mean - loss of will or loss of way Is there a problem with performance, what came first How long ago did it start Has it been progressive How is the relationship Has there been criticism What sexual difficulties have been experienced e.g. ED or dyspareunia Any other health problems If appropriate ask about contraception - there may be a fear of pregnancy Screen for depression - have you felt hopeless, little interest or pleasure in doing things

Answer 18

``` Mental illness e.g. depression During cancer treatment Overwork, chronic tiredness Anxiety Falling hormones Prostate cancer treatment Antihypertensives After a baby High intake of alcohol Sex not fulfilling Dyspareunia Recurrent UTIs Relationship problems ```

Answer 19

``` Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale FBC - MCV due to excessive alcohol consumption U&Es - renal disease LFTs TFTs - hypothyroidism FSH, LH, PL ```

Answer 20

``` Dependent on the cause Relationship counselling Lifestyle, work, financial matters Depression treatment Antipsychotics can raise prolactin which can cause dampened sexual arousal Oestrogen ```

Mental Health Flashcards

(44 cards)