Mental Health Flashcards by Tabitha Duval

4 levels of anxiety and descriptions

Mild anxiety: usually normal for most people. Prepares people for action.
Moderate: decreased concentration, trouble making decisions, restlessness

Severe: can only concentrate on one detail. Difficulty completing any task, physical symptoms

Panic anxiety: loss of contact with reality, not able to communicate, terror, prolonged panic can be life threatening

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What are some of the behavioral responses to each of the 4 levels of anxiety?

Mild anxiety: sleeping, yawning, fidgeting, talking, crying, laughing
Moderate: restless, increased hr and respiration, gastric discomfort

Severe: hyperventilation, nausea, trembling, urinary frequency.

Panic: dilated pupils, immobility or purposeless hyperactivity, incoherence

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Compensation

Covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait more desirable.
Sometimes a good thing.

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Reaction formation

Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors. Hi

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Displacement

Transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral

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Identification

Attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual on admires.

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Sublimation

Re-channeling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive.

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Stages of grief

DABDA

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression 
Acceptance

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Describe Freud’s structure of personality

Id: pleasure principle, instinctual drive

Ego: rational self, mediated between id and superego

Superego: conscience- Black and white facts. Rigid, striving for perfection

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Name and describe Freud’s 3 categories of all mental contents and operations. (Not the id)

Conscious: includes memories within awareness. Smallest of the 3.

Preconscious: forgotten memories or not in present awareness.

Unconscious: unable to bring back to awareness. Repressed memories.

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Harry Stack Sullivan has theory of interpersonal concepts. How people relate in social interactions.
What are his 6 stages of personality development?

Infancy: birth to 18 months- relief from anxiety through oral gratification
Childhood: 18mos- 6 years- learning to experience delay in gratification without undue anxiety
Juvenile 6-9 yrs: form satisfactory peer relationships
Preadolescent 9-12 :relationships with same gender
Early adolescence 12-14: relationships with opposite gender. Develop sense of identity.
Late adolescence 14-21: self identity, lasting relationships

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Main idea of Margaret Mahler’s theory of object relations.

Separation from primary caregiver. Individualization.

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What was Piaget’s theory about?

Cognitive development

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What was Kohlberg’s theory of development about?

Moral development.

What is behavior motivated by?

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Who developed an interpersonal theory specific to nurse- client relationships?
Correlated stages of personality development to nursing.

Hildegard Peplau

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What is psychodynamic nursing?

Being able to understand one’s own behavior,
To help others identify felt difficulties,
And to apply principles of human relations to problems that arise at all levels of experience.

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What are the 4 phases of nurse- client relationship according to Peplau?
And describe each

Orientation: client, nurse and family work together to clarify and define existing problem.

Identification: clients responds selectively to those who offer needed help.

Exploitation: client takes full advantage of services offered

Resolution: occurs when client gathers strength and assumes independence

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Psychiatrist

Can prescribe.
Responsible for diagnosis and treatment.
Has medical degree

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Psychologist

Evaluates and interprets testing.

doctorate in psychology.

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Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Cause and symptoms

Serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics.

Paralysis of eye muscles,diplopia, ataxia, somnolence, stupor.

If thiamine replacement is not quick, death may occur.

Sometimes referred to as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

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Korsakoff’s psychosis

Causes and symptoms

Caused by alcoholism. Encountered in clients recovering from Wernicke’s encephalopathy.

Sx- confusion, loss of recent memory, confabulation (distorted memories)

Treatment is thiamine replacement

Sometimes referred as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

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What is disulfiram?

Antabuse
Blocks oxidation of alcohol.
Could lead to death with high levels of alcohol.
Wait for at least 12 hours after last drink to administer.
Sensitivity to alcohol may last up to 2 weeks after last dose.

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Where did the word schizophrenia derive from?

Study These Flashcards

Skhizo (split)

Phren (mind)

How many schizophrenics attempt suicide?

Study These Flashcards

About 1/3 of people with the disorder.

List and describe 4 phases of schizophrenia

1-premorbid: social withdrawal, irritability, antagonistic thoughts and behaviors 2-prodromal: length is 2-5 years. Sleep impaired, depressed, anxious, functional impairment 3-schizophrenia: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, decreased functioning 4-residual: periods of remission and exacerbation. Usually flat affect remains

Delusional disorder

Several different types Characterized by delusions for at least one month. Hallucinations are not prominent and behavior is not bizarre. Hi

What medical conditions can cause catatonic disorder?

Metabolic disorders (hepatic encephalopathy, hypo and hyperthyroidism, hypo and hyperadrenalism, b12 deficiency) Neurological conditions (epilepsy, tumors, cerebrovascular disease, head trauma, encephalitis)

Schizophreniform disorder

Same as schizophrenia but lasts at least one month but less than 6 months.

Schizoaffective disorder

Schizophrenic behavior but has mood disorders (depression or mania)

Which foods should be avoided with MAOI’s? (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

``` Foods that contain tyramine. Aged Cheeses are highest, but most cheese have some tyramine. Raisins Some beans Red wines Smoked meats Soy sauce MSG Avocado Chocolate ```

Cyclothymic disorder

Chronic mood disorder that lasts at least 2 years. | Not as severe as bipolar symptoms but similar.

Trichotillomania

Pulling out hair obsession

Conversion disorder

Loss or change in body function not explained by medical or pathophysiological cause

What are the following conversion symptoms? Aphonia: Anosmia: Pseudocyesis:

Aphonia:inability to produce voice Anosmia: inability to smell Pseudocyesis:false pregnancy

Factitious disorder

Conscious, intentional pretending physical or psychological symptoms to get attention or comfort Also called muchausen syndrome

Dissociative identity disorder

Formerly known as multiple personality disorder

Schizoid personality disorder Vs. schizotypal personality disorder

schizoid: Profound defect in ability to form relationships and respond to others in a meaningful way. Seen as cold, shy, serious. Schizotypal: “latent schizophrenics”. Odd and eccentric behavior. Apathetic. Magical thinking, depersonalization, “sixth sense”, difficult speech,

Antisocial personality disorder

Socially irresponsible, guiltless behavior | Disregard the rights of others

Borderline personality disorder

Intense and chaotic relationships. Impulsive, self destructive, lack clear sense of identity. Fear of being alone

Narcissistic personality disorder

``` Exaggerated self worth Need for admiration Lack of empathy Entitlement Takes advantage of others for own purposes ```

Avoidant personality disorder

Hypersensitive to negative evaluation Avoids contact with people because of fears of criticism, disapproval or rejection Feels Inferior to others Very shy

What is milieu therapy

Milieu therapy is a form of psychotherapy that involves the use of therapeutic communities. Patients join a group of around 30, for between 9 and 18 months. During their stay, patients are encouraged to take responsibility for themselves and the others within the unit

Acute dystonia

``` Side effect of antipsychotics. Muscle spasm of neck, tongue, Back spasm upward eye movement laryngeal spasm that can impair respiration. ```

Tardive dyskinesia

Protrusion and rolling tongue Sucking and smacking lips Chewing motion Involuntary movements of body

Acetylcholine

Cholinergic neurotransmitter that is decreased or absent in thought disorders involving memory loss. It increases neuron activity, increases muscle contraction and glandular secretion.

How are antihistamines used in mental health?

Often used to counter side effects of some mental health meds.

Who developed “crisis theory” | And what is it?

Gerald Caplan Says anxiety can be so overwhelming that it can cause an inability to summon normal coping mechanisms.

According to Freud, what is the segment of personality that operates at the conscious level of awareness?

Ego

What is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

Inhibitory neurotransmitter. | Decreased levels cause anxiety, seizures and aggression.

Harry Stack Sullivan’s interpersonal theory says that people strive for what 2 things?

Satisfaction | Security

Freuds superego does what?

Ethical decision making Values Standards of morality

Conversion disorder

Person describes neurological symptoms that mimic known diseases, but is rarely anxious about these symptoms

Malingering

Symptoms are faked for maternal gain

Difference between state anxiety and trait anxiety

state anxiety: acute anxiety trait anxiety: chronic anxiety

Failure to recognize or identify objects. | Seen with dementia

Agnosia

Mental Health Flashcards

(55 cards)