transference
the client’s feelings about the therapist.
(you remind them of their mother)
(normal, until line is crossed)
countertransference
any feelings that the therapist has towards their client
(omg, I live this kid, I wish I could adapt him)
(normal, until line is crossed)
compassion fatigue
exhaustion
vicarious trauma
you are traumatized by your clients experience
latent
the underlying meaning of behavior or its expression
(the internal or root cause of the manifest content)
(found out by talking - feelings)
manifest
the external expression of what is going on
behavior - anger - flipping desk
etiology
cause
what is the cause
sympathy
pity
sorry about what you’re going through
empathy
putting yourself in their shoes
validating or normalizing their emotions
cognitive
thinking
thought process
psychosis
NOT a diagnosis
(it defined a group of different diagnosis)
(like mood disorder, it’s a category)
sociopath, psychopath
NOT a diagnosis
antisocial personality disorder = diagnosis
2 symptoms needed for schizophrenia
delusions and hallucinations
too much dopamine causes
schizophrenia
complete recovery is rare
too little dopamine causes
Parkinson’s
neurological disorder
dopamine is to ______ as
serotonin is to ______
schizophrenia
depression
schizoaffective disorder
A person has schizophrenia AND bipolar or major depression
brief psychotic disorder (schizophrenic-like)
> 1 day, < 1 month
does not require impairment in social or occupational functioning
Schizophreniform disorder
schizophrenic-like
> 1 month, < 6 months
does not require impairment in social or occupational functioning
Asperger’s disorder
In DSM 4, not in DSM 5
Now called autism spectrum disorder
prodromal phase
onset and buildup of symptoms (e.g. schizophrenia)
Active phase = having ________
(e.g. schizophrenia)
Residual phase = symptoms no longer prominent
3 phases of a disorder
prodromal phase
active phase
residual phase
mood
what or how the client reports feeling
affect
what you observe of your client (client presents depressed, anxious, etc.)
depression
intense sadness, feelings of guilt, or worthlessness
Bipolar
depression and mania
affective
depressed, limited enthusiasm, irritability, and feeling anxious
major depressive disorder
can’t function, want to die
chronic depressive disorder
symptoms are present most of the day, for more days than not, during a 2 year period
(less severe than major depressive disorder, person does NOT want to die)
personality disorders
causes significant functional impairment in relationships
schizotypal type
- poor interpersonal relationships *think they have special powers *peculiar behaviors
- close to schizophrenic but no hallucinations *person is bizarre
- want personal relationships
schizoid personality disorder
- person is bizarre
- few peer relationships
- don’t want relationships*
- the person is a loner
- fewer or no sexual experiences
- differs from schizotypal because they don’t wants a relationship, schizotypal does
histrionic
- often mistaken for narcissistic *externalize that they are the best *actively seek attention
- the difference is that narcissistic really believes that they are the best, histrionics just seek attention
obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
- different from OCD
- perfectionist
- orderly
- OCD can’t control it, have to do _____
antisocial psychopathic types
- 18 and older
* oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder are for kids
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- younger than 18
- I don’t want to do what you say
- like conduct disorder but not violent
conduct disorder
- younger than 18
* like oppositional defined disorder but violent
Mental Status Exam (MSE)
clinician’s observations: * appearance * speech * emotions (mood = how the client feels most of the time) (affects = way client shows emotions while with you) * thought process and content (process = how a person thinks) (content = what a person thinks about) * sensory perceptions * mental capacities * attitude towards the interviewer
emotions
mood = how the client feels most of the time affects = way client shows emotions while with you
thought process and content
process = how a person thinks content = what a person thinks about
circumstantiality
a disturbance in the thought process which is characterized by a lack of goal direction, although the person eventually gets to your question (takes a while to get to the point of what they are saying)
perseveration
certain words being uttered over and over again, regardless of what you have said. A sense that the client has to keep repeating that expression rather than choosing it because of the content you were discussing.
Yes, yes, quite, quite, as a response no matter what the content.
3 common associations of thoughts
- tangentiality - talking about the subject at hand, but not quite. If you ask someone about their job, they tell you about people looking for jobs
- loose associations - a person moves from one topic to another without any apparent connection between the two
- flight of ideas - often accompanied by rapid speech, but can occur without it, they cannot stop doing it
delusions of grandeur
a person who is convinced that they have rare, unusual, magical, or exaggerated powers
(e.g. they are of God, Napoleon)
somatic delusions
person fears that they have some deadly disease or unusual condition
obsession vs. compulsion
obsession = always a thought compulsion = always a deed
most compulsive rituals cluster around one of three types of actions:
- repetitive cleaning or washing, most often ones hands
- checking, such as returning to one’s house many times to make sure that the gas is off
- counting, number of bathroom tiles
illusions vs. hallucinations
illusions = normal sensory events that are misperceived. e.g., the wind blows a curtain in your office and the client tells you that it was a vampire coming through the window
hallucinations = an experience involving one of the five senses, unrelated to any external stimuli and clearly not true.
- auditory - hear dead sister
- visual - see the devil
- olfactory - smell rotting fish
- tactile - being touched by someone or something
- gustatory - taste
auditory and visual = most common
olfactory, tactile, gustatory = very unusual
client is oriented x 3
mental capacities section of the Mental Status Exam (MSE). The three orientations refer to: time place person
acute stress disorder
distinguished from PTSD because the symptom pattern is restricted to a duration of 3 days to 1 month following exposure to the traumatic event
alcohol
is a central nervous system depressant. It is not a sedative, which is a term for medications
SSRI
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, the designation for a class of antidepressants that work by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain
psychoactive drugs
1) depressants
2) stimulants
3) hallucinogens
4) opiates
depressants
suppress central nervous system functions, decrease arousal, stimulation, breathing, lowers processing speed, helps to sleep or calm down, for anesthesia.
(barbiturates, tranquilizers) not prescribed often and are addictive. Replaced with benzodiazepines also helps with seizures.
Alcohol - lowers inhibitions
stimulants
excite the central nervous system. Increase heart rate, alertness, blood pressure, more awake and energized, or nervous or giddy.
Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines (Adderall), methamphetamines (MDMA, ecstasy, Molly)
opiates & opioids
opiates - natural
opioides - synthetic
can depress the central nervous system functions like depressants, but work differently than depressants.
They are an analgesic - reduce the perception of pain. (morphine, codeine, heroin, oxycodone, Vicodin).