Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PJs Cards > Mental Health Test #1 > Flashcards

Mental Health Test #1 Flashcards

(116 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Definition of mental health

A

State of well-being in which individuals reach their own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of mental illness

A

Refers to all psychiatric disorders that have definable diagnosis. These disorders are manifested in significant dysfunctions that may be related to developmental,biological, or psychological disturbances in mental functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mental health continuum

A

continuum between metal health and illness that every person falls somewhere on depending on a variety of factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biological

A

focus on genetic, hormonal, and neuro-chemical explanations of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Innate drives of sex and aggression (nature) Social upbringing during childhood (nurture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

innate mental structures such as schemas, perceptions, and memory and constantly changed by the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Humanism

A

Maslow emphasized basic physical needs, Society influences a person’s self concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Behaviorism

A

all behavior is learned from the environment through conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diathesis

A

biological predisposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Human Genome Project

A

United states department of energy to do the following
Identifies approx. 20,000 - 25,000 human genes in DNA
Determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA
Stores the information in databases
Improve tools for data analysis
Address the ethical, legal, and social issues that may arise from the project

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Introduced groundbreaking theory of personality structure, levels of awareness, anxiety, the role of defense mechanism, and the stages of psychosexual development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sigmund Freud believed

A

that a vast majority of mental disorders resulted from unresolved issues that originated in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Conscious

A

Contains all the material a person is aware of at any one time
Perceptions
Memories
Thoughts
Fantasies
Feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preconscious

A

Contains material that can be retrieved rather easily through conscious effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unconscious

A

Includes all repressed memories, passions, and unacceptable urges lying deep below the surface
Memories and emotions associated with trauma—too painful to deal with
Usually unable to retrieve unconscious material without the assistance of a trained therapist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Id

A

Totally unconscious and impulsive
Its the source of all drives, instincts, reflexes, and needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ego

A

Resides in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of awareness
Follows the reality principle—the individual is factoring in reality to implement a plan to decrease tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Superego

A

Develops between the ages 3 and 5
Represents the moral component of personality
Internalized standards concerned with right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If superego is too powerful

A

The person may be self-critical and suffer from feeling of inferiority
Guilt if behavior falls short of ideal
Pride when behavior is ideal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Defense mechanisms and anxiety

A

Definition: Ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Displacement:

A

transfer of emotions associated with a particular person, object or situation to one that is non-threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Undoing:

A

a mechanism that is used to make up for an act of communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rationalization:

A

justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas by developing more acceptable explanations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Introjection:

A

the beliefs and values of another individual are internalized and symbolically become a part of the self, to the extent that the feelings of separateness of distinctness is lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Identification:
an attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires
26
Regression:
a retreat to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning
27
Repression:
the involuntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
28
Projection:
feeling or impulses unacceptable to oneself are attributed to another person
29
Denial:
escaping of unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence
30
Compensation
covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considered more desirable
31
Interpersonal Theory of Harry Stack Sullivan
Purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and to reduce or avoid anxiety
32
Self-system
all of the security operations an individual uses to defend against anxiety and ensure self-esteem
33
Grief and loss:
complicated bereavement after death, divorce, or other loss
34
Interpersonal disputes:
conflicts with significant other
35
Role transition:
problematic change in life status or social or vocational role
36
Hildegard Peplau
Nurse as both participant & observer Self-awareness helps keep focus on patient Application of Sullivan’s theory of anxiety to nursing practice
37
Lithium level
0.8-1.2
38
Interpersonal Theory of Harry Stack Sullivan
Purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and to reduce or avoid anxiety Believed that human beings are driven by the need for social interaction Viewed loneliness as the most painful human condition
39
Anxiety:
painful feeling or emotion that arises from social insecurity or prevents biological needs from being satisfied
40
Security operations:
measures the individual uses to reduce anxiety and enhance security
41
Self-system
all of the security operations an individual uses to defend against anxiety and ensure self-esteem
42
Grief and loss:
complicated bereavement after death, divorce, or other loss
43
Interpersonal disputes:
conflicts with significant other
44
Role transition
problematic change in life status or social or vocational role Overall Goal—reduce or eliminate psychiatric symptoms (particularly depression) by improving interpersonal functioning and satisfaction with social relationships
45
Hildegard Peplau Nurse as both participant & observer
Self-awareness helps keep focus on patient Application of Sullivan’s theory of anxiety to nursing practice
46
Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory
Experiment: When a neutral stimulus (a bell) was repeatedly paired with another stimulus (food that triggered salivation), eventually the sound of the bell alone could elicit salivation in the dogs Human example—Someone gets sick after eating a certain food and feels sick when they even see the food now An Involuntary response
47
Watson’s behavioral theory
Watson (1919) contended that personality traits and responses—adaptive and maladaptive—were socially learned through classical conditioning. (Rabbit experiment)
48
Modeling
therapist provides a role model for specific identified behaviors and the patient learns through imitation
49
Operant conditioning
the basis for behavior modification that uses positive reinforcement to increase the desired behaviors
50
Exposure therapy
used for people who experience anxiety due to fears, phobias, or traumatic memories and exposes them to their fears so they can emotionally process them in a safe environment
51
Aversion therapy—
pairing a target behavior with a negative stimulus in order to extinguish undesirable behavior
52
Biofeedback
Used for controlling the body’s physiological response to stress and anxiety
53
Limbic system
plays a crucial role in emotional status and psychological function using norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine as its neurotransmitters
54
Reticular activating system
regulates sleep wakefulness
55
Recidivism:
is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior
56
Brainstem
The most primitive area of the brain is the brainstem which functions in controlling heart rate, breathing, digestion, and sleeping
57
Hypothalamus
Controlling basic drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sex
58
Cerebellum
Regulates skeletal muscle coordination and the maintenance of equilibrium
59
Cerebrum
Mental activities, conscious perception, emotional status, memory, skeletal muscle purposeful movement, language and communication
60
ambivalence
simultaneous opposite feelings (love/hate)
61
apathy
Lack of feeling, concern, interest or emotion
62
autism
Preoccupation with self without concern for external reality; a self-made private world of schizophrenic
63
blocking
Interruption of thoughts due to psych factors, loss of thought, unconscious block
64
catatonia
Immobility due to psychological causes
65
compulsions
Repetitive actions carried out in a specific manner
66
delusions
fixed, false beliefs of importance to the person that arent reason or fact
67
depersonalization
feeling detached from oneself
68
dissociation
removal from conscious awareness of painful feelings, memories, thoughts, aspects or identity
69
double bind
Conflicting demands by a significant individual in the pts life; unable to meet both , the pt is doomed to fail
70
echolalia
Repetition of words heard; often repeats last word heard
71
echopraxia
Repetitive movements; meaningless
72
flight of ideas
a continuous steam of talk in which the pt switches rapidly between ideas
73
hallucinations
a false sensory perception unrelated to external stimuli
74
ideas of reference
a belief that something has a different meaning like someone laughing at you
75
illusion
Misinterpretation of a real sensory stimulus
76
Loose associations
Speaks constantly, shifting between loosely related topics
77
Milieu therapy
The use of the environment to promote optimal functioning of a group or individual
78
Mutism
Able to speak but remains silent
79
Neologism
A word or expression invented by the patient; coins new words or expressions
80
Obsessions
Intrusive, inappropriate, recurrent, and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are stressful or produce anxiety
81
Openness
An atmosphere in which people are free to express their thoughts and feelings without fear of ridicule or censure
82
Paranoia
Extreme suspiciousness of others and their actions
83
perseveration
Repeats single activity, cannot shift from one topic to another
84
Pressured Speech
Speech becomes fast, loud. Rushed, and emphatic
85
Primary Gain
A benefit, primarily relief from emotional conflict and freedom from anxiety, attained from the use of a defense mechanism, or other psychologic process, relief from or expression of anxiety through symptoms of a disorder
86
religiosity
Preoccupation with religious ideas or content
87
Secondary gain
An indirect benefit, usually obtained through an illness or debility. Such gains may include monetary and disability benefits, personal attention, support from others, or escape from unpleasant situations and responsibilities
88
Withdrawal
Behaviors designed to avoid interacting with others
89
Word Salad
Randomized set of words without logical connection
90
Autonomy
Respecting the rights of others to make their own decisions. (right to refuse meds)
91
Beneficence
the duty to act to benefit or promote the health and well being of others (spending extra time to help an anxious pt.)
92
nonmalefience
doing no harm to pt. (protecting information)
93
justice
the duty to distribute resources or care equally (treat pts equal)
94
fidelity
Maintaining loyalty & commitment to the pt & doing no wrong to the pt. (doing no harm through continuous skill development)
95
Veracity
the duty to comunicate truthfully (telling the side effects of medications)
96
pharmacogentic testing
DNA testing for antidepressant use to eliminate trial & error
97
Resilience
Ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being; adjust to stressors of everyday life
98
Neurons
specialized cells in the CNS that have 3 actions
99
Rational-emotive therapy (Ellis
How one thinks, determines how someone acts and behaves
100
automatic thoughts
Rapid , unthinking responses
101
Circadian rhythms
Function fluctuation of various psychological and behavioral patterns over a 24 hour cycle
102
Cerebrum
Mental activities Conscious sense of being Emotional status Memory Control of skeletal muscles—movement Language and communication
103
Norepinephrine
Level in brain affects mood Attention and arousal Stimulates sympathetic branch of ANS for “fight or flight” in response to stress
104
Serotonin
Serotonin
105
Glutamate
Amino Acid Excitatory AMPA plays a role in learning and memory
106
Action of Psychotropic Medications
Relieve mental disturbance without inducing side effects—but many do
107
Alcohol withdrawal
reduce the neuronal overexcitation of alcohol withdrawal
108
Antidepressant Drugs
Increasing neurotransmitters by antidepressants results in down-regulation (desensitization) of key neurotransmitter receptors Why it takes 4-8 weeks for antidepressants to work
109
110
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Block the reuptake of serotonin Fluoxetine (Prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (Paxil) Citalopram (Celexa
111
Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Novel antidepressant Zyban—FDA approved smoking cessation
112
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Widely used treatment before the development of SSRIs—no longer first line due to side effects and greater lethality in overdose
113
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Considered last-line agents due to multiple interaction and dietary restriction
114
Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid)
GOLD STANDARD among mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder Mechanism of action is not fully understood
115
Lithium
Caffeine decreases lithium levels
116

PJs Cards (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions