Mental illness-->Depression Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Mental illness-->Depression Deck (14)
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1
Q

In general what is the impairment in depression?

A

impairment of mood—> affective disorder

2
Q

what are some general statistics associated with depression?

A

10% of the US suffer from a form of clinical depression
average onset of 28 y.o
women are 2-3x more likely to be effected
depressed patient typically do not seek care because they do not recognize it as clinical and treatable

3
Q

what are the symptoms of patients with depression?

A
  1. Affects mood, body and thoughts and can continue for weeks, months or years
  2. persistent sad, anxious, or empty; hopeless, helpless, worthless or guilty
  3. loss of interest in fun/pleasurable hobbies
  4. decreased energy, fatigue/slowing down
  5. difficulty concentrating, remembering, decision making
  6. appetitie change; weight loss/gain
  7. suicidal thoughts/ attempts
  8. Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatments: headaches, digestive disorder and pain
4
Q

what are some causes of depression?

A
  1. genetic vulnerability based on family history
  2. additional factors include, stressed home/work/school
  3. Stroke, MI, cancer, parkinson’s and hormonal disorders
  4. death, relationship issues and financial hardships
  5. overall, it is a combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors
5
Q

what is the pathogenesis associated with depression?

A

genetic factor –> polygenetic

morbidity rate: higher in 1st degree relatives of patients with depressive illness

6
Q

what are the types of depression?

A

major depression : effects work, focus, sleep, eating and enjoying pleasurable activities
dysthymia: less severe; non disabling long term symptoms; generally not functioning well or feeling good

7
Q

what are some treatment options for depression?

A

selective serotonin re uptake inhibitors (SSRI)
tricyclic anti-depressives
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) –> severe/life threatening depressing (rx ineffective and causes seizures)

8
Q

what is a prophylactic treatment?

A

mood stabilizers include lithium, cabamacepine, lamotrigine, valoproate and others

9
Q

what is the manic-depressive illness that was discussed?

A

bipolar disorder

10
Q

describe bipolar disorder

A

cyclic mood changes, swinging from severe highs (manias) and lows (depression)

11
Q

what are the two phases of bipolar disorder?

A

depressed phase–> patient has some or all the symptoms of major depression
mainic phase –> over active, over talkactive, excessive energy. patients judgement, social behavior are distorted and patient causes problems and embarrassment. patient feels elated, ideas of grandiosity.

12
Q

what is mania?

A

exhibits symptoms such as excessive elation, irritability, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, and social inappropriateness

13
Q

Affective disorders are findings in functional imaging. Describe what you would see in the area of pre-frontal cortex, below the genu in the corpus callosum?

A

reduced activity during depressive phase and increased activity during manic phase

14
Q

Describe what you would see in the sub-genual region of the prefrontal cortex

A

this is important for mood disorders and connects to many structures involved in emotional behavior including:
amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens and noradren/seroto/dopaminergic brain system