Mentoring 1 Terms

Question 1

Rationale for DA

Answer 1

1. Analyze/determine variables in environment that serve as antecedents/consequences for behavior.
2. ID target behavior of social significance for an individual
3. Natural setting, no risk (just observation)

Question 2

Operational Definition

Answer 2

Identifies one or more specific observable conditions or events and then tells the researcher specifically how to measure that event.

Question 3

Establishing Operations

Answer 3

A motivating operation that establishes (increases) the effectiveness of some stimulus, object or event as a reinforcer

Question 4

Behavioral Contingency

Answer 4

A response that occurs in the presence or absence of some stimulus and is reinforced when it occurs

Question 5

Informed Consent

Answer 5

When the potential recipient of services/participation in a study gives explicit permission before any assessment or tx is provided. Full disclosure of effects/side effects must be provided. Must: demonstrate capacity, volunteer, have adequate knowledge of all salient aspects of tx

Question 6

Confidentiality

Answer 6

Describes a situation of trust where any information regarding a person receiving/have received services may not be discussed w/or otherwise made available to another person or group, unless that person has provided explicit authorization for release of such information

Question 7

Lawfulness of Behavior

Answer 7

Certain principles of behavior have been proven to work time and time again in both the lab and applied settings (Ex. R+, P+, extinction, stimulus control)

Question 8

Environmental Explanation

Answer 8

An approach to the study of behavior that assumes the environment shapes the behavior through A-C relationships and principles of behavior.

Question 9

Methods for DA

Answer 9

Interviews, Checklists, Rating Scales, Standardized Tests, & Direct Observation

Question 10

Measurable Dimensions

Answer 10

Repeatability (Count/Rate/Frequency/Celeration)
Temporal Extend (Duration)
Temporal Locus (Response Latency/IRT)
Derivative (%/Trials-2-Criterion)
Definitional (Topography/Magnitude)

Question 11

Continuous Measurement

Answer 11

Measurement of all the instances of the response classes of interest are detected during the observation period

Question 12

Time Sampling

Answer 12

A measurement of the presence or absence of behavior w/in specific time intervals

• Continuous/High Rates of behavior
• Whole/Partial/Momentary/PLAYCHECK

Question 13

Use of TA

Answer 13

Break a larger more complex behavior into smaller simpler teachable units (Forward Chaining/ Backward Chaining/ Total Task Chaining)

Question 14

7 Dimensions

Answer 14

Applied, Behavioral, Analytic, Technological, Effective, Generality, Conceptually Systematic

Question 15

Applied

Answer 15

Used to improve socially significant behaviors

Question 16

Behavioral

Answer 16

Must be the behavior of concern & measurable

Question 17

Analytic

Answer 17

Demonstrated a functional relation bw the IV & DV

Question 18

Technological

Answer 18

Operative procedures are identified & described so precisely that enables replication

Question 19

Effective

Answer 19

Improved behavior to a practical degree

Question 20

Generality

Answer 20

Lasts over time, appears in other environments, and/or spreads to other behaviors not directly related to the intervention

Question 21

Conceptually Systematic

Answer 21

Procedures for changing behavior & any interpretations of how/why those procedures were effective should be described in terms of the relevant principle(s) from which they were derived

Question 22

Parsimony

Answer 22

Keep it simple!

Rule out simple/logical explanations before considering more complex/abstract ones

Question 23

Determinism

Answer 23

The universe is a lawful and orderly place- Everything happens for a reason

Question 24

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

Answer 24

A natural science approach founded by BF Skinner that enabled clear demonstrations of orderly+reliable functional relations b/w behavior and various env. events in a lab setting

Question 25

ABA

Answer 25

A science in which the tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to socially significant behaviors and experimentation is used to ID variables responsible for the improvement in behavior

Question 26

Response

Answer 26

A single instance or occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior

Question 27

Response Class

Answer 27

A group of responses of varying topographies all of which produce the same effect on the environment

Question 28

Stimulus

Answer 28

An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells

Question 29

Stimulus Class

Answer 29

A group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal, termporal and/or functional elements

Question 30

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 30

When a behavior is immediately followed by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that behavior in similar conditions

Question 31

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 31

The occurrence of a response produces the removal, termination, reduction or postponement of a stimulus, which leads to an increase in the future frequency of the behavior

Question 32

Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 32

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer bc of prior pairings with 1+ other R+

Question 33

Unconditioned Reinforcer

Answer 33

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the learner's history w/the stimulus

Question 34

Positive Punishment

Answer 34

When a behavior is immediately followed by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of that behavior in similar conditions

Question 35

Negative Punishment

Answer 35

The termination of an already present stimulus immediately following a behavior that results in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior

Question 36

Unconditioned Punisher

Answer 36

Stimulus change that can decrease the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it, irrespective of the organisms learning history with that stimulus

Question 37

Conditioned Punisher

Answer 37

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairings with one or more other punishers

Question 38

Stimulus Control

Answer 38

A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus

Question 39

Motivating Operations

Answer 39

An environmental variable that alters (inc/dec) the R+ or P+ effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event & alters (inc/dec) the current frequency of all behavior that has been R+ or P+ by that stimulus, object, or event

Question 40

Establishing Operations

Answer 40

A motivating operation that establishes (increases) the effectiveness of some stimulus, object or even as a reinforcer

Question 41

Functional Relation

Answer 41

A verbal statement summarizing the results of an experiment | *Explains the effects of the IV on the DV

Question 42

Principles of Behavior

Answer 42

* R+, P+, extinction, stimulus control * Describes a functional relation bw 1+ of its controlling variables * Generalizes across organisms, species, settings and behaviors

Question 43

Behavior Change Tactics

Answer 43

Technologically consistent method for changing behavior derived from 1+ principles of behavior; possesses sufficient generality to warrant codification and dissemination