Meosis & Mitosis Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the two types of cell division?
Mitosis and Meiosis
What type of cells are somatic cells?
Any body cells that do not produce gametes
What are germ cells?
A diploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gamete
Define diploid cells
Cells with 2 sets of chromosomes
Define haploid cells
Cells with one set of chromosomes
What do children inherit from their parents?
Genes
What are genes made up of?
Segments of DNA
What is the locus of a gene?
A particular location on a chromosome
What is the length of the human genome?
3x10^9 base pairs
What is the length of each base pair?
0.34nm
What role do histones play in DNA structure?
They help with DNA folding
How many chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs, totaling 46 chromosomes
What are autosomes?
The 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes in a homologous pair that are the same length and carry alleles of the same genes
What does it mean for a cell to be diploid?
It has two sets of chromosomes (2n)
What is the diploid number for humans?
46 (2n = 46)
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce new cells containing a diploid set of chromosomes
What is meiosis?
Cell division producing gametes with the haploid number of chromosomes
What happens during Meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes separate
What is the result of meiosis?
Four daughter cells with haploid sets of unreplicated chromosomes
What is unique about meiosis compared to mitosis?
Meiosis reduces chromosome sets from diploid to haploid
What are the three unique events in Meiosis I?
- Paired homologous chromosomes at metaphase plate
- Homologous chromosomes separate
- Synapsis and crossing over occur
What is independent assortment of chromosomes?
Homologous pairs orient randomly at metaphase I of meiosis
How many possible combinations of chromosomes are there in humans due to independent assortment?
More than 8.4 million (2^23)
