Merch Exam 2 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Interior styles of caskets
A
Shirred Crushed (Less expensive) Tufted (most expensive typically) Tailored Semi-tailored Specialty panels
2
Q
Material is drawn or gathered in parallel strips and sewn with multiple needles.
A
Shirred interior
3
Q
Created by placing a lining material on a metal form, adding weights, steaming, and attaching to a suitable upholstery (backing) material.
Gives appearance of shirred interior.
Less expensive.
A
Crushed interior
4
Q
Created by placing padding material between lining and backing materials.
Stitches are made.
Forms small raised puffs.
Typically most expensive styles of casket interior.
A
Tufted interior
5
Q
Fabric tightly stretched or drawn.
Creates smooth appearance.
A
Tailored interior
6
Q
Combination of tailored interior with one or more other styles.
A
Semi-tailored interior
7
Q
Custom designed and hand-crafted panels.
Inserted and replace standard head panel.
A
Specialty head panel
8
Q
Interior material:
Lining materials
Backing materials
Padding materials
A
1
9
Q
Line the portion of the casket.
Typically designed to match interior components.
A
Lining materials
10
Q
Types of lining materials
A
Crepe (most common) Satin Velvet (most common expensive caskets) Linen Linen weave Twill weave
11
Q
Thin crinkled cloth of silk, rayon, cotton, or wool. Typically in less expensive caskets.
A
Crepe
12
Q
Fabric woven to create a smooth lustrous face and dull back.
A
Satin
13
Q
Fabric of silk, cotton, and possibly rayon with a nap.
Typically most expensive style of casket interior.
A
Velvet
14
Q
Fabric made from flax
Noted for strength, coolness, and luster.
A
Linen
15
Q
Fabric woven to look like linen.
Less expensive than linen.
A
Linen weave
16
Q
Textile weave in which threads are crossed over one another to give an appearance of diagonal lines.
A
Twill weave
17
Q
Add support and weight to lining materials.
A
Backing materials
18
Q
Types of backing materials
Cardboard
Masselin
Plastic
A
1
19
Q
Corrugated fiberboard
Often used as lining material in the foot panel of selected caskets.
A
Cardboard
20
Q
Pressed paper in sheet form.
A
Masselin
21
Q
Synthetic or natural organic material shaped when soft and then hardened.
Also available in sheets.
A
Plastic
22
Q
Add bulk and softness.
A
Padding materials
23
Q
Types of padding materials Cotton Polyethylene foam Shredded paper Spun polyester
A
1
24
Q
Wood shredded into spaghetti-like strings
Sometimes called wood wool.
A
Excelsior
25
silky fibers around the seeds of silk-cotton trees. Also used for padding.
Kapok
26
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Casket exteriors
Wood
Metal
Fiberglass
Polymer
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Wood
Unfinished
Natural finish
Painted finishes
Laminate
Cloth covered
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27
Wood in its natural state
Less expensive
Cremation casket
Unfinished
28
Types of wood finishes
| Polished Semi-gloss Satin Flat
1
29
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Smooth and glossy
Produced by polishing
Creates reflective or “mirror” finish
Burnished
Also known as Gloss Finish
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Polished (Gloss) finish
30
Low luster
Shiny or reflective finish
Less pronounced than polished finish
Semi-gloss finish
31
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Semi-luster or semi-gloss finish
Smooth
With well-defined lines or striations
“Brushed marks”
Creates “textured” appearance
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Satin finish
32
Dull lusterless surface
No shine or gloss
Also known as matte finish
Flat (Matte) finish
33
Use of various colors of paint
| Applied directly to the wood
Painted finish
34
Made by uniting superimposed layers of different material
Formica
Vinyl
On wood
Laminate
35
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Cloth covered
Various types of material
Various types of finishes
Less expensive caskets
Cloth placed on wood
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Cloth materials
Broadcloth
Doeskin
Plush
36
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Twilled, napped, woolen, or worsted fabric
Smooth lustrous face and dense texture
Cotton, silk, or rayon
Woven in plain or rib weave
Soft semi-gloss finish
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Broadcloth
37
Heavy durable cotton fabric
Short (1/8 inch or less) thick, velvety nap on one side
Suede-like appearance
Also known as moleskin
Doeskin (Moleskin)
38
Woven cloth
Nap exceeding 1/8 inch
Also known as high pile
Used in infant caskets
Plush (High Pile)
39
Types of cloth finish
Smooth
No distinct pattern or raised surface
Embossed
Raised design above the surface.
Metal finishes
Brushed
Plated
Sprayed
40
Bare metal scratched with an abrasive.
Finished until a smooth high gloss is obtained.
Creates “textured” appearance.
Brushed finish
41
Base metal coated by another metal.
Through electrolytic process
Identified by word “deposit”
“Copper deposit”
Plated finish
42
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Sprayed finish:
Polished
Crinkled
Hammertone
Flat
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1
43
Defined previously
| Same as wood casket finish
Polished finished
44
Metal coated with paint
Wrinkles (shrinks) as it dries
Less expensive caskets
Crinkled finish
45
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Metal coated with paint
“Indentations” appears as paint dries
Creates appearance of small indentation
Like striking with a ball peen hammer
Less expensive casket
Hammertex
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Hammertone finish (Hammertex)
46
Defined previously
Same as wood casket finish
No shine no luster
Flat finish
47
Material consisting of extremely fine filaments of glass embedded in various resins.
Fiberglass
48
Compound similar in appearance to plastic
| High molecular weight creates an extremely durable substance
Polymer
49
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Types of finishes:
Wood grained
“Simulated wood”
Polished or gloss
Sprayed
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Styles of cap opening
Perfection couch (most caskets)
Single hinged panel
Slip panel
50
Perfection full couch
Perfection half couch
Crown, pie(s), and rim formed as one piece
Perfection couch casket
51
Cap in two pieces
Rim and foot panel hinged to top body molding
Head panel hinged to the rim
-head panel only w/o rim opened for viewing
Both caps opened for casketing
Less viewing area than perfection half couch
Singled Hinged Cap
Single hinged panel
52
Head cap completely removed for viewing
Remains viewed from either side
Slip top
Priest casket
Slip panel (no hinges)
53
Shell designs Classified by:
Ends and corners
Body panel
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Ends and Corners
Elliptic
Square
Octagon
Round
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54
Ends in shape of a half circle
Elliptic
55
Eight angles or corners / Eight sides or surfaces on body panel
Octagon
56
Corners met at right angles to one another with distinct edge.
Square corner
57
Corners rounded rather than square.
Round corner
58
Body panel
Flaring square
Vertical side
State casket
Urnside
59
Sides and ends of body flare out from bottom to top.
| Narrower and shorter at bottom than opening at the top.
Flaring square
60
Body sides at 90 degree angle to the bottom.
| Corner may be rounded.
Vertical side
61
Body panels at 90 degree angle to the bottom.
Corners form 90 degree angle.
Vertical side square
State casket
62
Body panel shaped like an urn
Most expensive casket shell design
More labor in manufacturing
Urnside
63
Closure methods
Gasketed - “Protective” / “Sealing”
Non-gasketed - “Non-protective” / “Non-sealing”
Gasketed casket” components
Gasket
Hinges
Locking mechanism
64
Gum rubber substance applied to top body molding flange.
Transverse gasket in gasket channel on half-couch caskets.
Designed to inhibit outside elements ie. air and water-tight seal
Gasket
65
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Specially designed to maintain “protective/sealing” qualities
Attach cap(s) to body.
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Hinges
66
Sliding rod or metal bar.
Hooks or cut portions engage eyes on the cap(s).
Pulls rim flange against rubber gasket.
Locking mechanism
67
Types of gasketed caskets
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End lock (most common)
Side (Front) lock
Lever lock
Threaded fastener
Latch closure
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68
Casket key inserted into opening in top body molding at the foot end.
Threaded cover seals the opening.
Most common
End lock
69
Similar to end lock.
Top body molding on front side.
Located where the head and foot caps meet.
Also called Front Lock.
Side (Front) lock
70
Small lever or handle pulled forward to open cap(s).
Pushed backward to close cap(s).
Pulls cap(s) against the gasket.
Lever lock
71
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Screw-type fastener.
Seal created as fasteners are tightened.
Pulls cap(s) against the gasket.
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Threaded fastener
72
Pushed backward or pulled forward to open cap(s).
Spring-loaded or operated manually.
Hold latch when closing.
Prevents loud “click” sound.
Latch closure
73
Non-gasketed caskets
Latch Closure
| Threaded fasteners
74
Pushed backward or pulled forward to open cap(s)
Spring loaded or operated manually
Hold latch when closing
Prevents loud click sound
Latch Closure
75
screw type fastener
Threaded fasteners
76
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Chemical compounds
Epoxy, glue, etc.
Secure cap(s) to the body.
May create “protective/sealing” casket.
Depending on materials and casket construction.
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Hermetically sealed
Completely sealed by fusion or soldering.
Air and water-tight.
77
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Casket sizes
Based on inside dimensions.
May vary between manufacturer.
Standard adult casket
Wood 75” x 22”
Metal 78” x 23”
Oversize or extra sizes
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Width increases by 2 inches.
Each step represented by an “X.”
Each “X” equals 2 inches wider.
“XX” means 4 inches wider.
“XXX” means 6 inches wider.
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78
Length increases by 3 inches.
Adjustments in length may/may not correspond with increases in casket width.
Check manufactures specification:
Oversize casket may require an oversize outer burial container!!!
Measure outside dimensions of casket.
Including body and hardware.
Infant and children caskets:
Material similar to or same as adult caskets.
Dimensions vary.
Sizes increase by 6 inches steps in length.
Widths are made proportional to length.
79
any container designed for placement in the grave around the casket.
Burial Vaults / Grave Boxes / Grave Liners
OUTER BURIAL CONTAINERS
80
According to FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION –
OUTER BURIAL CONTAINERS is the
Generic name for any container which surrounds the casket in the grave
includes vaults / grave liners.
Most consumers do not know or understand the difference between out burial container or vault and used both interchangeably. Funeral Directors should know and explain the difference.
81
outer container which offers protection from the earth load.
Possesses “sealing” or “protective” qualities.
Originally, used to prevent grave robbery, now support the earth load,
often required for cemetery maintenance purposes,
limit intrusion of outside elements. (inhibits).
VAULT
82
OUTER BURIAL CONTAINERS / VAULTS Materials use
concrete (wilbert)
metal (clark)
polymer & fiberglass
83
non-reinforced VS reinforced
Reinforced includes steel rods, wire mesh, or some other material –
strengthens the concrete.
Concrete vaults –
Unlined VS Lined – lined polystyrene, ABS material, metal, asphalt coated.
84
plastic like compound, developed in 1960 –
| Wilbert Vault “strentex”
POLYSTYRENE
85
plastic like compound used in football helmets –
Stronger & more durable than polystyrene
Wilbert Vault – ABS Marbelon
ABS Material
86
non-corrosive / non-rusting –
most expensive than concrete vaults,
stainless steel, copper, bronze.
Metal
87
vault interior,
not as effective as other lining materials,
Provides more protection than cement element alone.
ASPHALT COATED
88
METAL VAULTS materials used
GALVANIZED steel,
carbon steel coated with zinc by immersion for increased resistance to rust / corrosion
STAINLESS STEEL / COOPER
METAL VAULTS
Measured by US Standard Gauge,
dome with a base construction
uses the diving bell principle to seal.
Dome traps air when placed in position & supports weight of the earth.
89
Other vault materials –
POLYMER / FIBERGLASS
same materials to manufacture caskets.
Methods of finishing vaults –
protective VS decorative –
asphalt coating,
galvanized, painted.
90
Methods of vault closure
| Air seal / Top seal / Double seal
1
91
Utilizes air pressure created by placing the dome into the base.
“Diving bell” principle
Air pressure prevents entrance of water
Clark grave vaults
Air seal
92
Utilizes an epoxy compound in conjunction with a tongue-in-groove closure at the top of the vault.
Wilbert burial vaults
Top seal
93
Utilizes the principle of the air seal
In conjunction with an epoxy material at the junction of the dome and base.
Seal one:
Is the Dome (air seal)
Seal two:
Is the epoxy material at the junction of the dome and base
Double seals
94
Burial vault dimension
Inside dimensions
Standard size 30” wide by 86” long.
Oversize caskets require an oversize vault.
1
95
Protection from earth load without sealing qualities.
Used solely for
Protection from earth load
Without sealing requirements
Grave liners
96
Grave liners Purpose
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Support weight of the earth
Often required (minimum) by the cemetery
Prevents or minimizes
grave from sinking from
disintegration of casket and use of cemetery
From use of cemetery equipment
Back hoes, lawnmowers, etc
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97
Types of material
| Concrete Polymer and fiberglass Wood
1
98
Holes in bottom
Allows water to seep out
Prevents casket from “bobbing” up and down.
Concrete
99
Polymer and fiberglass -
| Same as caskets and vaults (used at VA)
Wood -
Temporary material
Disintegrates quickly
Seldom used
100
Types of grave liners
Grave Box vs. Sectional
Grave Box (concrete box)
Body with a one or two piece lid (cover)
Also known as a concrete box
Types of grave liners
Grave Box vs. Sectional
Sectional (concrete sectional)
Six or eight slabs of unfinished concrete placed around the casket.
Also known as a concrete sectional
101
Outer enclosure used to protect the body and/or casketed remains during transportation.
Transfer container
102
Types of transfer container
| Combination case Air tray Ziegler case Wood box
1
103
(uncasketed body)
Particle board box with a cardboard tray and cover.
3 parts: bottom (wooden), cardboard tray, cardboard cover
Satisfies air shipping regulations.
(Body may not be embalmed but shipped in Ziegler Case)
Combination case
104
(casket body)
Wooden tray with a cardboard covering for the casket.
Larger – used to ship casketed remains.
Air tray
105
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(unembalmed body)
Gasket-sealed metal container
Used as shipping container
Or inserted into casket shell or air tray
For decomposed body
Also called a metal case
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Ziegler case (metal case):
106
Wood box -
For casketed or non-casketed body
Rarely used.
When shipping by air
Air Transportation Association (ATA) guidelines must be followed.
Also Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations
Check each airline
107
Alternative container
Unfinished wood box or other non-metal receptacle or enclosure.
Without ornamentation or a fixed interior lining.
Designed for encasement of human remains.
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Materials used - Alternative Containers
Fiberboard
Pressed wood
Composition materials
With or without an outside covering
Like materials
Often used as cremation containers
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108
Unit or a series of units designed or intended to be used together as both a casket and permanent burial receptacle.
Often seen with infant caskets
Wibert “cherub”
Combination Unit
109
Stained
Unstained
Based on appearance, color, and purpose of the finished product.
Burial casket vs. cremation casket
Natural finish
