MES 4: Matter & Energy: Membranes, Diffusion, & Life's Building Blocks

Question 0

What process is catalyzed by a polymerase enzyme?

Answer 0

Dehydration synthesis

Question 1

What is the process of linking monomers that involves the removal of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom to form water?

Answer 1

Dehydration synthesis

Question 2

What is the reverse process of the joining together of monomers?

Answer 2

Hydrolysis

Question 3

What process is catalyzed by a hydrolase enzyme?

Answer 3

Hydrolysis

Question 4

Name a storage protein (not a structural protein).

Answer 4

Ovalbumin

Question 5

What system manufactures defensive proteins?

Answer 5

The immune system

Question 6

Name a polysaccharide found in animals that stores energy.

Answer 6

Glycogen

Question 7

Glucose + glucose = ____ + ____ by ____

Answer 7

Maltose + water by dehydration synthesis

Question 8

Name the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis.

Answer 8

Maltose

Question 9

Name a source of lactose.

Answer 9

Milk

Question 10

Name the most abundant organic compound on Earth. It is a polysaccharide.

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

Name four ways that hydrocarbons can differ from one another.

Answer 11

• Length (short or long)
• Branching (branched or not branched)
• Bonding (single or double)
• Structure (ringed or not ringed)

Question 12

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

Answer 12

Four

Question 13

Name four types of lipids.

Answer 13

• wax
• phospholipid
• steroids
• cholesterol

Question 14

Name a nucleic acid.

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

If the fatty acid tails lack double bonds, what type of fat is it?

Answer 15

A saturated fat

Question 16

If the fatty acid tails have double bonds, what type of fat is it?

Answer 16

An saturated fat

Question 17

What three components make up a phospholipid?

Answer 17

• phosphate group
• glycerol
• fatty acids

Question 18

Olive oil is rich in what type of fats?

Answer 18

Unsaturated fats

Question 19

Name an important component of animal cell membranes.

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

Proteins are polymers of what?

Answer 20

Amino acids

Question 21

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein’s primary structure?

Answer 21

Peptide bond

Question 22

The secondary structure of a protein results from what?

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonds

Question 23

Tertiary structure of proteins is not directly dependent on what?

Answer 23

Peptide bonds

Question 24

What links together the amino acids of a protein’s primary structure?

Answer 24

Peptide bonds

Question 25

Name four things a tertiary structure can possibly depend on directly.

Answer 25

• hydrogen bonds
• bonds between sulfur atoms
• hydrophobic interactions
• ionic bonds

Question 26

What play a key role in the human immune system?

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

What are composed of long chains of amino acids?

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

What function as enzymes and hormones in organisms?

Answer 28

Proteins

Question 29

What are composed of chains of nucleotides?

Answer 29

Nucleic acids

Question 30

What function primarily to transmit hereditary information in organisms?

Answer 30

Nucleic acids

Question 31

What function primarily as sources of chemical energy, or for energy storage, such as starch?

Answer 31

Carbohydrates

Question 32

What can be used to build structure, such as cellulose in plant cell walls?

Answer 32

Carbohydrates

Question 33

What are composed of simple sugars or large molecules of chemically bonded simple sugars?

Answer 33

Carbohydrates

Question 34

What is an element associated with all organic compounds?

Answer 34

Carbon

Question 35

What macromolecules fuel almost all living cells?

Answer 35

Carbohydrates

Question 36

Organic compounds can form what?

Answer 36

Polymers

Question 37

What results when carbon atoms bond together in long chains?

Answer 37

A polymer

Question 38

What can we call the process of building a protein by making long chains of amino acids?

Answer 38

Polymerization